Biblioteca Digital

As características do crescimento craniofacial dos indivíduos portadores de má oclusão de Classe II na fase de crescimento, são de intenso interesse dos ortodontistas por esta má oclusão representar uma alta porcentagem dos casos em tratamento nos consultórios. Esta investigação objetivou estudar cefalométrica e comparativamente o crescimento craniofacial em crianças leucodermas portadoras de má oclusão de Classe II e de Oclusão Normal. Foram utilizadas 148 telerradiografias em norma lateral de 78 meninos e 70 meninas, faixa etária dos 7 aos 12 anos, portadores de má oclusão de Classe II, e 60 telerradiografias em norma lateral de 30 meninas e 30 meninos com Oclusão Normal. As amostras foram divididas considerando-se o estágio da maturação das vértebras cervicais pelo método de Hassel e Farman(HASSEL; FARMAN 1995), estando os grupos nos níveis Iniciação(I), Aceleração (A) e Transição (T) do desenvolvimento esquelético. Foram utilizadas as grandezas SNA, A-Nperp e Co-A para avaliar o componente maxilar; SNB, P-Nperp, Co-Gn, Co-Go e Go-Gn para o componente mandibular; ANB representou a relação maxilomandibular; SN.GoGn, FMA, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn e ENA-Me para o componente vertical, e o ângulo da base do crânio representado por NS.Ba. O teste t independente foi aplicado: entre os grupos para verificar a precocidade dos índices entre os gêneros; em cada grupo e índice nos gêneros feminino e no masculino; na comparação entre os grupos em cada índice nos gêneros feminino e no masculino; na comparação entre os grupos na fase IT (Iniciação Transição) em cada gênero. Os resultados mostraram: precocidade do índice A (aceleração) no gênero feminino do grupo de Classe II. Na comparação entre os gêneros do grupo de Classe II no nível I...

A presente pesquisa pretende estudar aspectos da midiatização do consumo e do sentido de classe social na telenovela com foco na representação do que vem sendo considerada a "nova classe C" ou "nova classe média" brasileira. Para tanto, analisou-se cenas das telenovelas Avenida Brasil (2012), de João Emanuel Carneiro, e Cheias de Charme (2012), de Filipe Miguez e Izabel de Oliveira. Ambas exibidas na Rede Globo, a primeira no horário das 21 horas e a segunda às 19 horas. As duas foram consideradas pela mídia como tramas que representam a "nova classe C", o que justifica a escolha. Inicialmente, o trabalho traz uma breve discussão teórica sobre o termo midiatização, sobre as concepções sociológicas de classe social e os estudos realizados sobre telenovela e classe. Pretende-se, assim, problematizar a expressão "nova classe C", de modo a entender sua natureza e validade sociológica, bem como levantar a forma como a telenovela costuma retratar as classes sociais, para, assim, rumar às análises com embasamento teórico. A metodologia de análise se fundamenta na concepção marxista de materialismo histórico e dialética, com a qual estão relacionadas as teorias do filósofo da linguagem Mikhail Bakhtin, a Análise do Discurso Francesa e a Análise do Discurso Crítica. Essas teorias tiveram alguns de seus elementos mesclados e utilizadas como protocolo metodológico. A partir do protocolo e dos levantamentos teóricos sobre classes sociais e telenovela...

O objetivo deste estudo longitudinal foi comparar as alterações dentoesqueléticas e tegumentares de jovens com má oclusão de Classe II não tratados e tratados com distalizador First Class em ancoragem convencional ou esquelética, ou com o aparelho extrabucal cervical (AEB), seguidos do aparelho fixo. A amostra foi composta por 44 pacientes com má oclusão de classe II e divididos em quatro grupos de 11 cada: pacientes tratados com distalizador First Class com ancoragem convencional no botão de Nance (G1), tratados com distalizador First Class com ancoragem esquelética apoiado em 2 mini-implantes no palato (G2), tratados com o aparelho extrabucal (AEB) (G3) e o grupo controle, com pacientes não tratados (G0). Foram obtidas as telerradiografias ao início (Ti) e final (Tf) do tratamento para a realização das análises cefalométricas e avaliação das alterações dentárias, esqueléticas e tegumentares e compará-los com o grupo controle (G0). A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste t pareado com a finalidade de verificar as alterações ocorridas dentro de um mesmo grupo e pelo teste ANOVA a um critério e teste de Tukey para verificar as diferenças entre os grupos. Observou-se restrição e redirecionamento do crescimento maxilar ao final do tratamento no G1 e G3. Os efeitos esqueléticos na mandíbula só foram significantes no G0. As medidas da relação maxilomandibular diminuíram significantemente no G1 e G3 com significante diminuição das medidas que avaliaram o perfil tegumentar. Quanto ao componente vertical todas as medidas aumentaram no G3. Os primeiros molares superiores angularam distalmente no G2 e os inferiores mesialmente no G3. Os quatro grupos apresentaram extrusão dos dentes superiores e inferiores. Os três grupos experimentais apresentaram diminuição significante nas relações dentárias (relação molar...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the morphological differences in the base of the skull of individuals with cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion in comparison to control groups with Class I and Class III malocclusion. METHODS: A total of 89 individuals (males and females) aged between 5 and 27 years old (Class I, n = 32; Class III, n = 29; and Class III individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate, n = 28) attending PUC-MG Dental Center and Cleft Lip/Palate Care Center of Baleia Hospital and PUC-MG (CENTRARE) were selected. Linear and angular measurements of the base of the skull, maxilla and mandible were performed and assessed by a single calibrated examiner by means of cephalometric radiographs. Statistical analysis involved ANCOVA and Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: No significant differences with regard to the base of the skull were found between the control group (Class I) and individuals with cleft lip and palate (P > 0.017). The cleft lip/palate group differed from the Class III group only with regard to CI.Sp.Ba (P = 0.015). Individuals with cleft lip and palate had a significantly shorter maxillary length (Co-A) in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the mandible (Co-Gn) of the control group and individuals with cleft lip and palate (P = 1.000). CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that there are no significant differences in the base of the skull of individuals Class I or Class III and individuals with cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Rochester. School of Medicine and Dentistry. Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, 2010.; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia (class Ia) are evolutionary conserved genes in jawed vertebrates encoding highly polymorphic and ubiquitously expressed surface molecules essential for the development and activation of CD8 T cells. By contrast, nonclassical MHC class Ib (class Ib) are a group of heterogeneous genes encoding molecules structurally similar to class Ia but with a more limited tissue distribution and polymorphism. In mammals, class Ibs have diverse, and often not well characterized, functions that include stress responses, detection of malignancy, immune regulation and the differentiation of CD8 T cells. Although class Ib genes have been identified in all taxa of jawed vertebrates, information about their function is even more limited and their phylogeny is uncertain. This is usually attributed to their fast rate of evolution. The subfamily Xenopodinae, including species of the clawed frog genera Xenopus and Silurana, which diverged from a common ancestor 80 million years ago (MYA), provides a powerful non-mammalian model to further investigate the evolution and immune functions of class Ib genes. Xenopus laevis is one of the best characterized and most widely used non-mammalian animal models to study immunity. We used this species to investigate the role of class Ib in early T cell ontogeny and in tumor immunity. The genome of the diploid Silurana tropicalis has been fully sequenced and annotated. We used this species to evaluate the genomic and molecular evolution of class Ib genes. Genomic...

CD4+ T lymphocytes play an important role in CD8+ T cell-mediated responses against tumors. Considering that about 20% of melanomas express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, it is plausible that concomitant antigenic presentation by MHC class I and class II complexes shapes positive (helper T cells) or negative (regulatory T cells) anti-tumor responses. Interestingly, gp100, a melanoma antigen, can be presented by both MHC class I and class II when expressed endogenously, suggesting that it can reach endosomal/MHC class II compartments (MIIC). Here, we demonstrated that the gp100 putative amino-terminal signal sequence and the last 70 residues in carboxy-terminus, are essential for MIIC localization and MHC class II presentation. Confocal microscopy analyses confirmed that gp100 was localized in LAMP-1+ endosomal/MIIC. Gp100-targeting sequences were characterized by deleting different sections in the carboxy-terminus (residues 590 to 661). Transfection in 293T cells, expressing MHC class I and class II molecules, revealed that specific deletions in carboxy-terminus resulted in decreased MHC class II presentation, without effects on MHC class I presentation, suggesting a role in MIIC trafficking for these deleted sections. Then...

Middle class values have long been perceived as drivers of social cohesion and growth. This paper investigates the relation between class (measured by position in the income distribution), values, and political orientations using comparable values surveys for six Latin American countries. The analysis finds that both a continuous measure of income and categorical measures of income-based class are robustly associated with values. Both income and class tend to display a similar association to values and political orientations as education, although differences persist in some important dimensions. Overall, there is no strong evidence of any "middle class particularism": values appear to gradually shift with income, and middle class values are between the ones of poorer and richer classes. If any, the only peculiarity of middle class values is moderation. The analysis also finds changes in values across countries to be of much larger magnitude than the ones dictated by income, education, and individual characteristics...

Dual-class stock structure is characterized by the separation of voting rights and cash flow rights. The departure from a common “one share-one vote” configuration creates ideal conditions for conflicts of interest and agency problems between controlling insiders (the holders of voting rights) and remaining shareholders. The owners of voting rights have the opportunity to extract private benefits and act in their personal interest; as a result, dual-class firms are often perceived to have low transparency and high information asymmetry. This dissertation investigates the quality of information and the information environment of firms with two classes of stock. The first essay examines the quality of information by studying accruals in dual-class firms in comparison to firms with only one class of stock. The results suggest that the quality of accruals is better in dual-class firms than in single-class firms. In addition, the difference in the quality of accruals between firms that abolish their dual-class share structure by unification and singe-class firms disappears in the post-unification period. The second essay investigates the earnings informativeness of dual-class firms by examining the explanatory power of earnings for returns. The results indicate that the earnings informativeness is lower for dual-class firms as compared to single-class firms. Earnings informativeness improves in firms that unify their shares. The third essay compares the level of information asymmetry between dual-class firms and single-class firms. It is documented that the information environment for dual-class firms is worse than for single-class firms. Also...

The relationship between capitalism and the environment in Australia and the rise of green politics; Class and struggle in Australia seminar series, Australian National University, October 2004, working paper 12; no

The capitalist class in Australia; Class and struggle in Australia seminar series, Australian National University, October 2004 working paper 2; no

The Australian working class; Diane Fieldes is from the Industrial Relations Department, University of New South Wales.; no

Basierend auf Zellkultur-Daten wurde die Hypothese geäußert, dass es sich bei der MHC-Klasse-I-Down-Regulierung HCMV-infizierter Zellen um eine Strategie der Immunevasion dieses Virus handelte. Um dies in vivo zu überprüfen, wurde eine immunhistochemische Analyse verschiedener Gewebeschnitte HCMV-infizierter Organe durchgeführt. Hierbei wurden sehr frühe, frühe und späte Antigene des HCMV-Replikationszyklus, sowie zelluläre MHC-Klasse-I- und MHC-Klasse-II-Moleküle simultan oder in Serienschnitten dargestellt. Analysiert wurde die Kolokalisation von MHC-Klasse-I- und MHC-Klasse-II-Molekülen in Arealen viraler Replikation, sowie die MHC-Klasse-I- und MHC-Klasse-II-Expression in einzelnen infizierten Zellen. Darüber hinaus wurden Leukozyten und HCMV-Antigene simultan untersucht. Die MHC-Klasse-I-Expression betreffend, wurden zwei gegensätzliche Phänomene gefunden: In einzelnen infizierten Zellen fand eine signifikante MHC-Klasse-I-Down-Regulierung statt, wohingegen die MHC-Klasse-I-Expression nicht infizierter Nachbarzellen für gewöhnlich hochreguliert war. Diese Down-Regulierung war in der Mehrzahl der infizierten Zellen nahezu vollständig in allen Phasen des viralen Replikationszyklus, während nicht infizierte Nachbarzellen eine starke MHC-Klasse-I-Expression aufwiesen. Trotz dieser signifikant reduzierten MHC-Klasse-I-Signale infizierter Zellen...

Fragestellung: Wie wirken sich das physiologische Wachstumsmuster und die Frontzahninklination bei der Therapie mit abnehmbaren Platten und funktionskieferorthopädischen Geräten auf das Behandlungsergebnis der Klasse II aus? Patienten und Methodik: Nachdem für diese retrospektive Studie 50 Klasse-II/1-Patienten mit Proklination (1-SN = 107°) rekrutiert waren, wurden weitere 50 Klasse-II/2-Patienten mit Reklination der Oberkieferfront (1-SN = 95°) ausgewählt, die alle eine skelettale Klasse II mit einem Distalbiss von mindestens einer Prämolarenbreite im Bereich der 6-Jahr-Molaren aufwiesen. Alle Patienten wurden getrennt nach Geschlecht bewertet und zusätzlich in Gruppen mit horizontalem, neutralem und vertikalem Schädelaufbau unterteilt. Der Behandlungsbeginn der Therapie mit abnehmbaren Platten (Vorbehandlung) und funktionskieferorthopädischen Geräten fand im Wechselgebiss statt. Von jedem Patienten wurden ein prä- und posttherapeutisches Fernröntgenseitenbild ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die dentoalveoläre Analyse ergab, dass sich die Inklination der oberen Inzisivi unabhängig von der Wachstumsrichtung in allen Gruppen hin zu Normwerten veränderte, mit abnehmbaren Platten und funktionskieferorthopädischen Geräten aber nicht immer vollständig korrigieren ließ. Hinsichtlich des Overjets und Overbites wurden ähnlich gute Behandlungsergebnisse erzielt. Die unteren Inzisivi waren bei allen Patienten nach der Therapie prokliniert. In beiden Gruppen reduzierte sich der ANB-Winkel. Trotzdem blieb bei den Klasse-II/2-Patienten die skelettale Klasse II im Durchschnitt bestehen. Die Klasse-II/1-Patienten mit horizontalem Schädelaufbau hingegen erreichten eine skelettale Klasse I. Schlussfolgerungen: Bei der Behandlung der Klasse II mit herausnehmbaren Apparaturen ergaben sich Unterschiede in der Abhängigkeit von der Frontzahninklination (Klasse II/1 und II/2) und der Wachstumsrichtung. Diese Unterschiede sind bei der Planung zu berücksichtigen. Allein mit abnehmbaren Platten (Vorbehandlung) und funktionskieferorthopädischen Geräten ist bei Klasse-II/1-Fällen mit vertikalem Wachstumsmuster und generell bei Klasse-II/2-Patienten bezüglich des sagittalen Kieferlageausgleichs ein vollständiger Therapieerfolg problematisch. Eine besonders günstige Konstellation für herausnehmbare Geräte besteht bei der Klasse II/1 mit horizontalen Schädelaufbau und rekliniert oder orthognath stehenden Unterkieferfrontzähnen.; Objective: To determine the influence of physiological growth pattern and anterior tooth inclination on the outcome in Class II patients treated with removable orthodontic plates and functional orthodontic appliances. Patients and Methods: After recruiting 50 patients with an upper anterior proclination of 1-SN = 107° for this retrospective study...

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Indiana University, Microbiology & Immunology, 2009; The function of major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II molecules is to present antigenic peptides to CD4+ T cells. Typically, MHC class II molecules present peptides derived from exogenous sources. Yet, certain endogenous antigens (Ags) have been found to be presented by class II molecules. Studies suggest that specific heat shock protein family members may play a role in Ag processing and subsequent class II presentation. The studies presented here using B lymphoblasts demonstrate the importance of HSP90α, HSP90β, and possibly HSP70 in selectively regulating MHC class II presentation. Inactivation of HSP90 function using pharmacological inhibitors inhibited class II presentation of exogenous and endogenous GAD, but did not perturb the presentation of several other intra- and extracellular Ags. Individual knockdown of HSP90 isoforms using isoform specific siRNA selectively inhibited GAD Ag presentation. These results demonstrate a requirement for HSP90α and HSP90β in regulating MHC class II presentation of select Ags. Studies to explore mechanistically the roles of HSP90α and HSP90β in regulating GAD Ag presentation were pursued. The pathways of exogenous and endogenous MHC class II presentation of GAD Ag are distinct yet converge with shared terminal processing of GAD within endosomal/lysosomal vesicles. The effect of HSP90 manipulation on various shared components of the MHC class II pathway was examined. The studies presented here suggest that HSP90α and HSP90β regulate MHC class II presentation of GAD Ag at discrete steps most likely involving HSP90 binding to GAD Ag rather than perturbing overall MHC class II function. Studying the role of HSP90 in MHC class II presentation in B cells revealed the potential requirement for HSP70 in the presentation of select Ags. The studies presented here demonstrate a possible role for HSP70 in the presentation of Ags such as SMA or Ig kappa by MHC class II molecules. Also included in this work is a study of a rare case of diabetes caused by type B insulin resistance due to development of insulin receptor autoantibodies during the treatment of hepatitis C with interferon alpha and ribavirin. Clinical and laboratory findings in the case are presented.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Indiana University, School of Education, 2009; This qualitative study documents the experiences of 15 women from different social class backgrounds who are members of a women's fraternity/sorority at a large, public, institution located in an urban area in the Mid-West. The purpose of the study was to better understand the relationship between social class and the nature and impact of the sorority experience as interpreted by the women themselves. The main research questions were: a) Do the experiences of women participating in self-perpetuating student organizations vary depending on their social class? b) What does social class mean to the students? For example, are traditional markers of class such as high levels of family income, parental education, and appreciation for such aesthetic qualities as fine art and cuisine understood and valued by these women? Or are other indicators such as students' consumption patterns more meaningful? c) Does this self-perpetuating student organization confer social and/or cultural capital to its members? d) Does social class affect what they do and think about themselves and others? Major findings include: the women participants did not consider social class or social status to be a significant factor in terms of the nature or quality of their experiences with this organization or that of other women in the Greek organization. Membership in the organization was found to perpetuate social class standing and social class reproduction...

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Indiana University, English, 2009; "Feeling Like a Clerk" explores the emotional life of class status, what class identity feels like and how it is constituted through the emotions. It focuses specifically on the lower middle class, the clerk class, in the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century and illustrates how a particular set of social emotions give the identity of the clerk its shape and definition within a larger set of prescriptions, prohibitions, and influences during the Victorian period. The study suggests that the "rise of the clerk" in nineteenth-century Britain can be used as a model for understanding the modern complexities of class as lived experience. This is particularly true in the case of the great fiction writers of bourgeois life, whose texts represent various forms of upward and downward mobility as they themselves climbed out of the cramped parsons' cottages, dingy rented rooms, and stuffy offices of the lower middle class. The male clerk, in particular, was subject to a bewildering unpredictability when it came the uneven distribution of emotions in the popular imagination. Provisional forms of masculinity and puzzling subordinate responses to social imperatives are the result of these emotional inequities. When given the opportunity to develop refined sensibilities that mark him as bourgeois...

Women and class in Australia; Class and struggle in Australia seminar series, Australian National University, October 2004, working paper 7; no

Modern political economy stresses "society's polarization" as a determinant of development outcomes. Among the most common dorms of social conflict are class polarization, and ethnic polarization. A middle class consensus is defined as a high share of income for the middle class and a low degree of ethnic polarization. A middle class consensus distinguishes development successes from failures. A theoretical model shows how groups - distinguished by class or ethnicity - will under-invest in human capital and infrastructure when there is "leakage" to another group. The author links the existence of a middle class consensus to exogenous country characteristics, such as resource endowments, along the lines of the provocative thesis of Engerman and Sokoloff (1997), that tropical commodity exporters are more unequal than other societies. The author confirms this hypothesis with cross-country data. This makes it possible to use resource endowments as instruments for inequality. A higher share of income for the middle class and lower ethnic polarization...

Este trabalho visa a apresentar um estudo investigativo do processo de construção e desconstrução das representações da infância da classe trabalhadora na literatura infantil e juvenil inglesa e brasileira. Para tanto, estabelecemos, a priori, no Capítulo I, as bases conceituais de nosso trabalho, bem como tratamos das esferas culturais, econômicas, políticas, ideológicas que propiciaram o surgimento do conceito de infância da classe operária durante a Revolução Industrial, e investigamos de que forma interesses de formação da mão de obra trabalhadora e movimentos sociais e filantrópicos, assim como obrigações legislativas fizeram com que a jornada de trabalho infantil fosse paulatinamente diminuída e os diversos tipos de ensino fossem instaurados, de acordo com o contexto socioeconômico em questão. A seguir, a tentativa de traçar um perfil literário histórico e social que demonstre as diversas representações da infância da classe trabalhadora na Inglaterra e no Brasil ou a ausência delas --, procedemos à análise de obras literárias representativas da condição da criança que fosse filha de trabalhadores ou ela mesma trabalhadora. Assim, no Capítulo II, iniciamos nossa exploração através da análise de Kim...

The United States experienced a tremendous expansion of higher education after the Second World War. However, this expansion has not led to a substantial reduction to class inequalities at elite universities, where the admissions process is growing even more selective. In his classic studies of French education and society, Pierre Bourdieu explains how schools can contribute to the maintenance and reproduction of class inequalities. Bourdieu's concepts have stimulated much research in American sociology. However, quantitative applications have underappreciated important concepts and aspects of Bourdieu's theory and have generally ignored college life and achievement. With detailed survey and institutional data of students at elite, private universities, this dissertation addresses a gap in the literature with an underexplored theoretical approach.

First, I examine the class structure of elite universities. I argue that latent clustering analysis improves on Bourdieu's statistical approach, as well as locates class fractions that conventional schemas fail to appreciate. Nearly half of students have dominant class origins, including three fractions - professionals, executives and precarious professionals - that are distinguishable by the volume and composition of cultural and economic capital. Working class students remain severely underrepresented at elite...