Biblioteca Digital

OBJECTIVE: Experimental studies on lung preservation have always been performed using animal models. We present ex vivo lung perfusion as a new model for the study of lung preservation. Using human lungs instead of animal models may bring the results of experimental studies closer to what could be expected in clinical practice. METHOD: Brain-dead donors whose lungs had been declined by transplantation teams were used. The cases were randomized into two groups. In Group 1, Perfadex (R) was used for pulmonary preservation, and in Group 2, LPDnac, a solution manufactured in Brazil, was used. An ex vivo lung perfusion system was used, and the lungs were ventilated and perfused after 10 hours of cold ischemia. The extent of ischemic-reperfusion injury was measured using functional and histological parameters. RESULTS: After reperfusion, the mean oxygenation capacity was 405.3 mmHg in Group 1 and 406.0 mmHg in Group 2 (p=0.98). The mean pulmonary vascular resistance values were 697.6 and 378.3 dyn.s.cm(-5), respectively (p=0.035). The mean pulmonary compliance was 46.8 cm H2O in Group 1 and 49.3 ml/cm H2O in Group 2 (p=0.816). The mean wet/dry weight ratios were 2.06 and 2.02, respectively (p=0.87). The mean Lung Injury Scores for the biopsy performed after reperfusion were 4.37 and 4.37 in Groups 1 and 2...

INTRODUÇÃO: O transplante traqueal continua um desafio. Contudo, avanços nas técnicas de revascularização dos enxertos traqueais e no conhecimento da imunobiologia da traquéia, indicam que esta técnica pode ser utilizada com freqüência no futuro próximo. A depuração mucociliar (DM) é o mecanismo de defesa inato mais importante das vias aéreas. A traquéia age como um órgão de defesa devido à DM. A DM ocorre por ação do batimento ciliar do epitélio respiratório que impele o muco que atapeta as vias respiratórias, carreando substâncias nocivas. Idealmente, a DM deve ser preservada em enxertos traqueais passíveis de utilização para transplante traqueal. Nosso intuito foi: 1) avaliar os efeitos da isquemia fria sobre a DM; e 2) avaliar a ação de soluções de preservação administradas por via tópica na manutenção da DM após isquemia fria. MÉTODOS: De 109 ratos Wistar foram obtidos 217 segmentos traqueais. Os segmentos foram distribuídos entre três grupos experimentais e um grupo Controle. Cada segmento foi submergido em LPD-glicose (grupo LPD), histidina-triptofano-cetoglutarato (grupo HTK) ou solução salina (grupo Salina). Avaliou-se a DM após 6,10,16 ou 24 horas de isquemia fria. No grupo Controle os segmentos foram analisados imediatamente após a extração...

Introdução: Apesar dos importantes avanços na preservação pulmonar alcançados nas últimas décadas esta questão permanece longe do ideal e representa um dos maiores problemas enfrentados pelos grupos de transplante pulmonar. O grupo da Suécia liderado pelo Prof. Stig Steen descreveu um novo método de preservação pulmonar chamado de ECMOtópico que foi publicado nos mesmos artigos que divulgaram o sistema de perfusão ex vivo. Todavia, este novo método nunca foi avaliado de forma comparativa contra a forma atualmente mais aceita de preservação pulmonar: a isquemia fria após infusão de solução de preservação. O presente estudo compara estas duas formas de preservação utilizando um modelo de avaliação pulmonar ex vivo. Como objetivos secundários foram estudados: a capacidade de recuperação da função pulmonar pelo sistema ex vivo e a utilidade do modelo experimental bloco pulmonar dividido. Métodos: Quatorze pulmões foram captados de sete doadores em morte encefálica negados para transplante pulmonar. Após a preservação inicial com perfusão anterógrada de solução de LPD-glicose o bloco pulmonar foi dividido, sendo cada lado submetido a um médoto diferente de preservação: ECMO-tópico ou isquemia fria por oito horas. Após este período os pulmões foram re-conectados e avaliados em um sistema de reperfusão pulmonar ex vivo estudando-se parâmetros funcionais e histológicos; biópsias pulmonares foram coletadas em três tempos em cada lado. As variáveis funcionais estudadas foram: capacidade de oxigenação (CO)...

Busca apresentar a problemática da preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais frente às teorias e práticas arquivísticas e às tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TICs), com o intuito de identificar as variáveis que impactam diretamente as políticas de preservação dos documentos arquivísticos digitais. Busca ainda apoiar as bases conceituais da preservação digital no Brasil e instrumentalizar as instituições com vistas à implementação da preservação digital de seus documentos arquivísticos. Trabalha com a hipótese de que a gestão e a preservação inadequada dos documentos arquivísticas digitais - via de regra sob responsabilidade de administradores e profissionais das TICs sem interface com os arquivistas - coloca em risco o documento arquivístico digital e, consequentemente, a memória social de parte da história da humanidade. Propõe um modelo conceitual de gestão da preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais aplicável a qualquer instituição, independentemente de seu porte, e o discute em relação às propostas desenvolvidas pelo projeto InterPARES. A análise do modelo conceitual permite identificar outros elementos em busca do aperfeiçoamento da gestão da preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais.; Aims to present the problem concerning the digital records preservation facing theories and archivists practices and the information and communications technology (ICTs)...

A solução de preservação da Universidade de Wisconsin (UW) é considerada a solução padrão para preservação de fígados, rins e pâncreas. A frutose-1,6-bisfosfato (FBP) é uma substância que apresenta efeito protetor do fígado contra injúrias provocadas por agentes químicos e ocorridas durante o período de isquemia-reperfusão. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da FBP na composição de soluções para preservação de fígados para transplante. Neste estudo experimental, a perfusão e a preservação dos fígados foram realizadas em cada grupo com as soluções de UW, UW contendo 10 mmol/L de FBP (UWM) e FBP 10 mmol/L (FBPS), respectivamente. Os fígados foram armazenados em um recipiente plástico contendo solução de preservação a 4oC por 24 horas. As mensurações bioquímicas de AST, ALT, LDH e TBARS foram realizadas em amostras das soluções de preservação nos tempos de 0, 12, 18 e 24 horas. A análise histológica foi realizada em fígados preservados por 24 horas. O grau de preservação observado com as soluções de UW e FBPS foi similar até 18 horas de armazenamento. A adição de 10 mmol/L de FBP à solução de UW provocou um aumento das injúrias ocorridas e uma pior preservação quando comparado ao grupo armazenado em UW. A FBP protegeu os fígados contra danos causados pelos radicais livres por tempos de preservação inferiores a 18 horas. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos na análise histológica dos fígados preservados no tempo de 24 horas. A FBP utilizada em solução foi eficaz na preservação de fígados...

This paper describes a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based on Web services technology designed to assist cultural heritage institutions in the implementation of migration based preservation interventions. The proposed SOA delivers a recommendation service and a method to carry out complex format migrations. The recommendation service is supported by three evaluation components that assess the quality of every migration intervention in terms of its performance (Migration Broker), suitability of involved formats (Format Evaluator) and data loss (Object Evaluator). Throughout the paper the whole workflow between these three components is explained in detail as well as the most relevant tasks that are carried out internally in each of them. The proposed system is also able to produce preservation metadata that can be used by client institutions to document preservation interventions and retain objects’ authenticity. Although the primary goal of this SOA is the implementation of migration based preservation interventions, it can also be used for other purposes such as comparing file formats or evaluating the performance of conversion applications.; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

For successful preservation operations, a preservation system needs to be capable of monitoring compliance of preservation operations to specifications, alignment of these operations with the organisation’s preservation objectives, and associ- ated risks and opportunities. This requires linking a number of diverse information sources and specifying complex con- ditions. For example, the content to be preserved needs to be related to specifications of significant properties, to the file formats used to represent that content, to the software environments available to analyse, render and convert it and the technical environments available to the designated user communities that will consume this content. This article analyses aspects of interest in a preservation context that call for automated monitoring and investigates the feasibility of drawing sufficient information from diverse sources together and linking it in a meaningful way. We define a number of preservation triggers that lead to preservation planning activities and present the requirements and a high-level design of a preservation watch system that is currently being developed. We demonstrate the value of such a monitoring approach on a number of scenarios and cases.

Apresentação efetuada no "Open Repositories 2013", em Charlottetown, Canada, 2013; To accomplish effective digital preservation, repositories need to be able to incorporate processes such as planning, monitoring and preservation operations. These processes feed into each other and create a continuous cycle that allows a repository to detect opportunities and risks and act accordingly. Each of these digital preservation processes have already been extensively studied and tools to support each process have already been developed, but many repository implementations still lack complete and continuous digital preservation features. This paper presents a global view on digital preservation processes and how they fit together in a digital preservation cycle. Furthermore, it describes tools that support these processes and explains how to incrementally integrate them into digital repositories providing a complete systematic and semi-automatic digital preservation system.; KEEP SOLUTIONS

Apresentação efetuada no "Digital Preservation Advanced Practitioner Training", em Glasgow, Reino Unido, 2013; This training session is about Scout. Scout is a digital preservation watch system that allows you to be notified whenever some significant event in the world can bring you harm or profit. Scout gathers information from all around the world and curates it using link data technology. Then you can define questions that cross-link information. The system frequently monitors the your questions and notifies you when something important happens.; KEEP SOLUTIONS

The ability to recognize when digital content is becoming endangered is essential for maintaining the long-term, continuous and authentic access to digital assets. To achieve this ability, knowledge about aspects of the world that might hinder the preservation of content is needed. However, the processes of gathering, managing and reasoning on knowledge can become manually infeasible when the volume and heterogeneity of content increases, multiplying the aspects to monitor. Automation of these processes is possible [11,21], but its usefulness is limited by the data it is able to gather. Up to now, automatic digital preservation processes have been restricted to knowledge expressed in a machine understandable language, ignoring a plethora of data expressed in natural language, such as the DPC Technology Watch Reports, which could greatly contribute to the completeness and freshness of data about aspects of the world related to digital preservation. This paper presents a real case scenario from the National Library of the Netherlands, where the monitoring of publishers and journals is needed. This knowledge is mostly represented in natural language on Web sites of the publishers and, therefore, is dificult to automatically monitor. In this paper...

Increasingly, content owners are operating repositories with large, heterogeneous collections. The responsibility to pro- vide access to these collections on the long term requires preservation processes such as planning, monitoring, and actual preservation operations such as migration and quality assurance, which have to be managed and integrated with the repositories. This article presents a suite of systems designed to support the preservation lifecycle in repositories. The SCAPE Planning and Watch suite provides the framework and toolset for controlling and monitoring scal- able preservation operations. We present the main components for content profiling, preservation planning, and monitoring, and show how they can be combined to support scalable management of preservation over time.; KEEP SOLUTIONS

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Informática; A preservação de sistemas de informação é um dos maiores desafios da preservação digital. Entre esses sistemas, encontram-se as bases de dados. Estas servem de sustento à maior parte dos sistemas de gestão de informação, apresentando, assim, um grande interesse no que diz respeito à sua preservação. Se por um lado existe a necessidade de migrar as bases de dados para outras mais atuais, que vão aparecendo com o evoluir da tecnologia, por outro, existe também a necessidade de preservar a informação nelas contida durante um longo período de tempo, quer seja por questões legais, quer seja por questões de arquivo. Desta forma, essa informação deverá estar disponível independentemente do sistema de gestão da base de dados. Nesta área, os produtos que existem para preservação de base de dados relacionais ainda são poucos - CHRONOS e SIARD são os principais. O primeiro é muitas das vezes inacessível devido ao preço que apresenta. O segundo apenas suporta funcionalidades básicas. Assim, existe a oportunidade de explorar as principais qualidades e fraquezas das ferramentas existentes, de forma a melhorar a ferramenta de preservação de base de dados db-preservation-toolkit...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the NAC effects on liver hypothermic preservation at different time intervals. METHODS: For this, we used livers of male Wistar rats weighing between 250 and 300g, undergoing preservation in Ringer solution at 4°C for up to 24 hours. Tissue samples were obtained at four moments of preservation for histological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining: T0 = beginning of preservation, T12 = 12 hours, T18 = 18 hours and T24 = 24 hours. Will be analyzed vacuolation, hepatic apoptosis by optical microscopy and parenchymal. RESULTS: The results showed a progressive increase in hepatic injury in both groups and showed that NAC was effective at T0. The parenchyma preservation was better in the NAC group and no difference when vacuolization of the cells. CONCLUSION: Hypothermic preservation, over time, causes changes in the hepatic parenchyma with increased apoptosis, loss of architecture, vacuolization, culminating in severe injury. The administration of N-acetylcysteine protects against preservation liver injury.

Almost every female classic galactosemia patient develops primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) as a diet-independent complication of the disease. This is a major concern for patients and their parents, and physicians are often asked about possible options to preserve fertility. Unfortunately, there are no recommendations on fertility preservation in this group. The unique pathophysiology of classic galactosemia with a severely reduced follicle pool at an early age requires an adjusted approach. In this article recommendations for physicians based on current knowledge concerning galactosemia and fertility preservation are made. Fertility preservation is only likely to be successful in very young prepubertal patients. In this group, cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is currently the only available technique. However, this technique is not ready for clinical application, it is considered experimental and reduces the ovarian reserve. Fertility preservation at an early age also raises ethical questions that should be taken into account. In addition, spontaneous conception despite POI is well described in classic galactosemia. The uncertainty surrounding fertility preservation and the significant chance of spontaneous pregnancy warrant counseling towards conservative application of these techniques. We propose that fertility preservation should only be offered with appropriate institutional research ethics approval to classic galactosemia girls at a young prepubertal age.

Digital preservation is emerging as an area of work and research that tries to provide answers that will ensure a continued and long-term access to information stored digitally. IT Platforms are constantly changing and evolving and nothing can guarantee the continuity of access to digital artifacts in their absence. This paper focuses on a specic family of digital objects: Relational Databases; they are the most frequent type of databases used by organizations worldwide. Database Preservation Toolkit enables the preservation of relational databases holding the structure and content of the the database in a preservation format in order to provide access to the database information in a long term period. If in one hand there is a need to migrate databases to newer ones that appear with technological evolution, on the other hand there is also the need to preserve the information they hold for a long time period, due to legal duties but also due to archival issues. That being said, that information must be available no matter the database management system where the information came from. In this area, solutions are still scarce. Main products for relational database preservation include CHRONOS and SIARD. The rst one is...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of microorganism contamination in the preservation solution for transplant organs (kidney/pancreas). Method: Between August 2007 and March 2008, 136 samples of preservation solution were studied prior to graft implantation. Variables related to the donor and to the presence of microorganisms in the preservation solution of organs were evaluated, after which the contamination was evaluated in relation to the "recipient culture" variable. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The contamination rate of the preservation solution was 27.9%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated microorganism. However, highly virulent agents, such as fungi and enterobacteria, were also isolated. In univariate analysis, the variable "donor antibiotic use" was significantly associated to the contamination of the preservation solution. On the other hand, multivariate analysis found statistical significance in "donor antibiotic use" and "donor's infectious complications" variables. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 27.9% of the preservation solutions of transplant organs were contaminated. Infectious diseases and non-use of antibiotics by the donor were significantly related to the presence of microorganisms in organ preservation solutions. Contamination in organ preservation solutions was not associated with infection in the recipient.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of microorganism contamination in the preservation solution for transplant organs (kidney/pancreas). Method: Between August 2007 and March 2008, 136 samples of preservation solution were studied prior to graft implantation. Variables related to the donor and to the presence of microorganisms in the preservation solution of organs were evaluated, after which the contamination was evaluated in relation to the recipient culture variable. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The contamination rate of the preservation solution was 27.9%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated microorganism. However, highly virulent agents, such as fungi and enterobacteria, were also isolated. In univariate analysis, the variable donor antibiotic use was significantly associated to the contamination of the preservation solution. on the other hand, multivariate analysis found statistical significance in donor antibiotic use and donor's infectious complications variables. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 27.9% of the preservation solutions of transplant organs were contaminated. Infectious diseases and non-use of antibiotics by the donor were significantly related to the presence of microorganisms in organ preservation solutions. Contamination in organ preservation solutions was not associated with infection in the recipient.

Cambridge University Library and MIT Libraries submit this proposal to share the outcomes of the digital preservation research work conducted through the DSpace@Cambridge project, concentrating on two main areas: Process Automation and Preservation Planning. Automation Digital preservation activity in its current form commonly involves a high level of human effort. In mediated archiving the archivist's efforts do not scale well. In self-archiving situations this effort can be a barrier to the adoption of the digital preservation activity. It behoves us, therefore, to look for opportunities to make this process more efficient through automation. The potential for sustainable preservation of a digital object can be improved by accurate identification of the file's type, validation of the file against type specification, and technical metadata extraction. Recently available software (e.g. JHOVE) [1] provides identification and validation for a number of popular types, and there are older existing technologies (e.g. the 'file' command) that have some useful functionality in this area. DSpace@Cambridge will evaluate the different tools, investigate storage strategies for technical metadata, attempt to gauge the utility of certain types of technical metadata...

This paper is about the experience of Pelotas City and its research for cultural properties preservation in the town. It shows that only hard work and persistence can guaranty the over lasting of real historic witnesses of the city formation. In many years defenders of the cultural properties preservation have been trying to find means to protect the memory and the history of the city. Many advance and retrogress happened in this long period since the implementation of the II Master Plan, in the 1980's, until nowadays. Specific preservation laws, approved during 80th, were attempts that actually weren't realised either because of the non- preservationist awareness of socio- economic groups in the city involved with the dynamic and the development of the town and specially because of the discontinuity of preservation actions of public administration in the mentioned period. Although, in the 2000th, with the creation of a new legislation involved with the society and with effective politic- administrative support, the process of cultural properties preservation had definitely set up. The recognition of urban areas as preservation zones and the protection of inventoried properties, it had transformed gradually the perception of the urban place and the respect to the pre- existent environment...

The traditional concept of metadata can be expanded to provide a set of information to support the management activities of the preservation of digital materials. This type of metadata, called preservation metadata, is designed to inform and document the process of digital preservation of long-term, assuring that digital content can be accessed and interpreted in the future. In recent years many metadata schemes and infrastructure oriented for digital preservation have been developed; the greatest challenge they face has been to anticipate what information is actually required to support a particular process of digital preservation. The most important and comprehensive initiative in this field is the PREMIS Data Dictionary, developed based on the conceptual infrastructure defined by the OAIS ISO standard. The basic idea of this paper is to review the main concepts, standards and technologies involved in the development of metadata schemes of preservation metadata.; http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2010v15n30p1O conceito tradicional de metadado pode ser ampliado para abrigar um conjunto de informações que apóiem as atividades de gestão da preservação de materiais digitais. Esse tipo de metadados, chamados de metadados de preservação...