Biblioteca Digital

Data from high-energy physics (HEP) experiments are collected with significant financial and human effort and are in many cases unique. At the same time, HEP has no coherent strategy for data preservation and re-use, and many important and complex data sets are simply lost. In a period of a few years, several important and unique experimental programs will come to an end, including those at HERA, the b-factories and at the Tevatron. An inter-experimental study group on HEP data preservation and long-term analysis (DPHEP) was formed and a series of workshops were held to investigate this issue in a systematic way. The physics case for data preservation and the preservation models established by the group are presented, as well as a description of the transverse global projects and strategies already in place.; Comment: Proceedings of plenary talk given at the 18th International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2010). 10 pages, 9 figures

Several important and unique experimental high-energy physics programmes at a variety of facilities are coming to an end, including those at HERA, the B-factories and the Tevatron. The wealth of physics data from these experiments is the result of a significant financial and human effort, and yet until recently no coherent strategy existed for data preservation and re-use. To address this issue, an inter-experimental study group on data preservation and long-term analysis in high-energy physics was convened at the end of 2008, publishing an interim report in 2009. The membership of the study group has since expanded, including the addition of the LHC experiments, and a full status report has now been released. This report greatly expands on the ideas contained in the original publication and provides a more solid set of recommendations, not only concerning data preservation and its implementation in high-energy physics, but also the future direction and organisational model of the study group. The main messages of the status report were presented for the first time at the 2012 International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics and are summarised in these proceedings.; Comment: Proceedings of plenary talk given at the 2012 International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2012). 8 pages...

Correlators of primordial perturbations could provide us with the signatures of physics at earlier times/higher momentum scales than inflation. The key-mechanisms are the interference and cumulation in time related to the interplay of negative- and positive-frequency components of fields and energy density generated by the high-momentum scale physics. Here, we discuss which signatures are universal for such scenarios, and which ones instead would distinguish the specific cases (for example modified initial states for inflationary perturbations or modified dispersion relations). We also discuss the scale dependence of the correlators in presence of these signatures, especially for some scenarios, and how this could be interesting for observations.; Comment: 7 pages. Prepared for the proceedings of the European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics EPS-HEP2013, 18-24 July 2013, Stockholm, Sweden

The CERN-Latin-American School of High-Energy Physics is intended to give young physicists an introduction to the theoretical aspects of recent advances in elementary particle physics. These proceedings contain lectures on quantum field theory, quantum chromodynamics, physics beyond the Standard Model, neutrino physics, flavour physics and CP violation, particle cosmology, high-energy astro-particle physics, and heavy-ion physics, as well as trigger and data acquisition, and commissioning and early physics analysis of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Also included are write-ups of short review projects performed by the student discussions groups.; Comment: 10 lectures, 560 pages, published as CERN Yellow Report http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1119305

One of the main challenges in Heavy Energy Physics is to make fast analysis of high amount of experimental and simulated data. At LHC-CERN one p-p event is approximate 1 Mb in size. The time taken to analyze the data and obtain fast results depends on high computational power. The main advantage of using GPU(Graphic Processor Unit) programming over traditional CPU one is that graphical cards bring a lot of computing power at a very low price. Today a huge number of application(scientific, financial etc) began to be ported or developed for GPU, including Monte Carlo tools or data analysis tools for High Energy Physics. In this paper, we'll present current status and trends in HEP using GPU.

There exists an enormous interest for the study of very high energy domain in particle physics, both theoretically and experimentally, in the aim to construct a general theory of the fundamental constituents of matter and of their interactions. Until now, semiconductor detectors have widely been used in modern high energy physics experiments. They are elements of the high resolution vertex and tracking system, as well as of calorimeters. The main motivation of this work is to discuss how to prepare some possible detectors - only silicon option being considered, for the new era of HEP challenges because the bulk displacement damage in the detector, consequence of irradiation, produces effects at the device level that limit their long time utilisation, increasing the leakage current and the depletion voltage, eventually up to breakdown, and thus affecting the lifetime of detector systems. In this paper, physical phenomena that conduce to the degradation of the detector are discussed and effects are analysed at the device level (leakage current and effective carrier concentration) in the radiation environments expected in the next generation of hadron colliders after LHC, at the next lepton and gamma-gamma colliders, as well as in astroparticle experiments...

The inward bound path of discovery unravelling the mysteries of matter and the forces that hold it together has culminated at the end of the twentieth century in a theory of the Fundamental Forces of Nature based on Nonabelian Gauge Fields, called the Standard Model of High Energy Physics. In this article we trace the historical development of the ideas and the experimental discoveries on which this theory is based. We also mark significant Indian contributions wherever possible. Finally we have a glimpse at future developments. An Appendix on more Indian contributions is added at the end.; Comment: 15 pages. Invited talk presented at the XIV DAE Symposium on High Energy Physics, Univ. of Hyderabad, Dec. 2000

The citation network constituted by the SPIRES data base is investigated empirically. The probability that a given paper in the SPIRES data base has $k$ citations is well described by simple power laws, $P(k) \propto k^{-\alpha}$, with $\alpha \approx 1.2$ for $k$ less than 50 citations and $\alpha \approx 2.3$ for 50 or more citations. Two models are presented that both represent the data well, one which generates power laws and one which generates a stretched exponential. It is not possible to discriminate between these models on the present empirical basis. A consideration of citation distribution by subfield shows that the citation patterns of high energy physics form a remarkably homogeneous network. Further, we utilize the knowledge of the citation distributions to demonstrate the extreme improbability that the citation records of selected individuals and institutions have been obtained by a random draw on the resulting distribution.; Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables

This whitepaper summarizes the status, plans, and challenges in the area of integrated circuit design in the United States for future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. It has been submitted to CPAD (Coordinating Panel for Advanced Detectors) and the HEP Community Summer Study 2013(Snowmass on the Mississippi) held in Minnesota July 29 to August 6, 2013. A workshop titled: US Workshop on IC Design for High Energy Physics, HEPIC2013 was held May 30 to June 1, 2013 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). A draft of the whitepaper was distributed to the attendees before the workshop, the content was discussed at the meeting, and this document is the resulting final product. The scope of the whitepaper includes the following topics: Needs for IC technologies to enable future experiments in the three HEP frontiers Energy, Cosmic and Intensity Frontiers; Challenges in the different technology and circuit design areas and the related R&D needs; Motivation for using different fabrication technologies; Outlook of future technologies including 2.5D and 3D; Survey of ICs used in current experiments and ICs targeted for approved or proposed experiments; IC design at US institutes and recommendations for collaboration in the future.

Besides using the laser beam, it is very tempting to directly testify the Bell inequality at high energy experiments where the spin correlation is exactly what the original Bell inequality investigates. In this work, we follow the proposal raised in literature and use the successive decays $J/\psi\to\gamma\eta_c\to \Lambda\bar\Lambda\to p\pi^-\bar p\pi^+$ to testify the Bell inequality. Our goal is twofold, namely, we first make a Monte-Carlo simulation of the processes based on the quantum field theory (QFT). Since the underlying theory is QFT, it implies that we pre-admit the validity of quantum picture. Even though the QFT is true, we need to find how big the database should be, so that we can clearly show deviations of the correlation from the Bell inequality determined by the local hidden variable theory. There have been some critiques on the proposed method, so in the second part, we suggest some improvements which may help to remedy the ambiguities indicated by the critiques. It may be realized at an updated facility of high energy physics, such as BES III.; Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures

World-wide collaboration in high-energy physics (HEP) is a tradition which dates back several decades, with scientific publications mostly coauthored by scientists from different countries. This coauthorship phenomenon makes it difficult to identify precisely the ``share'' of each country in HEP scientific production. One year's worth of HEP scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals is analysed and their authors are uniquely assigned to countries. This method allows the first correct estimation on a ``pro rata'' basis of the share of HEP scientific publishing among several countries and institutions. The results provide an interesting insight into the geographical collaborative patterns of the HEP community. The HEP publishing landscape is further analysed to provide information on the journals favoured by the HEP community and on the geographical variation of their author bases. These results provide quantitative input to the ongoing debate on the possible transition of HEP publishing to an Open Access model.; Comment: For a better on-screen viewing experience this paper can also be obtained at: http://doc.cern.ch/archive/electronic/cern/preprints/open/open-2006-065.pdf

The traditional realm of astronomy is the observation and study of the largest objects in the Universe, while the traditional domain of high-energy physics is the study of the smallest things in nature. But these two sciences concerned with opposite ends of the size spectrum are, in Muir's words, bound fast by a thousand invisible cords that cannot be broken. In this essay I propose that collaborations of astronomers and high-energy physicists on common problems are beneficial for both fields, and that both astronomy and high-energy physics can advance by this close and still growing relationship. Dark matter and dark energy are two of the binding cords I will use to illustrate how collaborations of astronomers and high-energy physicists on large astronomical projects can be good for astronomy, and how discoveries in astronomy can guide high-energy physicists in their quest for understanding nature on the smallest scales. Of course, the fields have some different intellectual and collaborative traditions, neither of which is ideal. The cultures of the different fields cannot be judged to be right or wrong; they either work or they don't. When astronomers and high-energy physicists work together, the binding cords can either encourage or choke creativity. The challenge facing the astronomy and high-energy physics communities is to adopt the best traditions of both fields. It is up to us to choose wisely.; Comment: Why "Fundamentalist" Physics Is Good for Astronomy (in response to the paper of Simon White...

These lectures concern two topics that are becoming increasingly important in the analysis of High Energy Physics (HEP) data: Bayesian statistics and multivariate methods. In the Bayesian approach we extend the interpretation of probability to cover not only the frequency of repeatable outcomes but also to include a degree of belief. In this way we are able to associate probability with a hypothesis and thus to answer directly questions that cannot be addressed easily with traditional frequentist methods. In multivariate analysis we try to exploit as much information as possible from the characteristics that we measure for each event to distinguish between event types. In particular we will look at a method that has gained popularity in HEP in recent years: the boosted decision tree (BDT).; Comment: 22 pages, Lectures given at the 2009 European School of High-Energy Physics, Bautzen, Germany, 14-27 Jun 2009

The Asia-Europe-Pacific School of High-Energy Physics is intended to give young physicists an introduction to the theoretical aspects of recent advances in elementary particle physics. These proceedings contain lectures on quantum field theory, quantum chromodynamics, flavour physics and CP-violation, physics beyond the Standard Model, neutrino physics, particle cosmology, heavy-ion physics, as well as a presentation of recent results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), practical statistics for particle physicists and a short introduction to the principles of particle physics instrumentation.; Comment: 8 lectures, 285 pages, published as CERN Yellow Report https://cds.cern.ch/record/1443909

I summarize our self-contained determinations of the lowest order hadronic contributions to the anomalous magnetic moments a_{\mu,\tau} of the muon and tau leptons, the running QED coupling \alpha(M_Z) and the muonium hyperfine splitting \nu. Using as a revised estimate of the light-by light scattering: a_\mu(LL)=85(18) 10^{-11}, we deduce: a_\mu^{SM} = 116 591 861(78) 10^{-11}, a_\tau^{SM} = 117 759(7) 10^{-8}, giving: a_\mu^{SM}-a_\mu^{exp}=162(170) 10^{-11}. We also obtain: \alpha^{-1}(M_Z)=128.926(25) and the Fermi energy splitting: \nu_F^{SM}=4 459 031 783(229) {Hz}. Lower bounds on some eventual new physics are given, while \nu_F^{SM} leads e.g. to m_\mu/m_e=206.768 276(11) in remarkable agreement with the data.; Comment: Latex 2e, 11 pages, 4 Tables, 1 eps.figure. Talk presented at the 1st High-Energy Physics Madagascar International Conference Series (HEP-MAD'01) 27th sept-5th oct. 2001, Antananarivo

In TeV-scale gravity, scattering of particles with center-of-mass energy of the order of a few TeV can lead to the creation of nonperturbative, extended, higher-dimensional gravitational objects: Branes. Neutral or charged, spinning or spinless, Einsteinian or supersymmetric, low-energy branes could dramatically change our picture of high-energy physics. Will we create branes in future particle colliders, observe them from ultra high energy cosmic rays, and discover them to be dark matter?; Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. Essay submitted on Mar 26, 2002 to the Gravity Research Foundation. Awarded the third prize in the 2002 GRF competition

High energy physics data is a long term investment and contains the potential for physics results beyond the lifetime of a collaboration. Many existing experiments are concluding their physics programs, and looking at ways to preserve their data heritage. Preservation of high-energy physics data and data analysis structures is a challenge, and past experience has shown it can be difficult if adequate planning and resources are not provided. A study group has been formed to provide guidelines for such data preservation efforts in the future. Key areas to be investigated were identified at a workshop at DESY in January 2009, to be followed by a workshop at SLAC in May 2009. More information can be found at http://dphep.org; Comment: To appear in the proceedings of 44th Rencontres de Moriond on QCD and High Energy Interactions, La Thuile, Valle d'Aosta, Italy, 14-21 Mar 2009. 4 pages, 2 figures + 1 photo, 1 style file

Evolutionary Computation is a branch of computer science with which, traditionally, High Energy Physics has fewer connections. Its methods were investigated in this field, mainly for data analysis tasks. These methods and studies are, however, less known in the high energy physics community and this motivated us to prepare this lecture. The lecture presents a general overview of the main types of algorithms based on Evolutionary Computation, as well as a review of their applications in High Energy Physics.; Comment: Lecture presented at 2006 Inverted CERN School of Computing; to be published in the school proceedings (CERN Yellow Report)

Data from high-energy physics experiments are collected with significant financial and human effort and are mostly unique. However, until recently no coherent strategy existed for data preservation and re-use, and many important and complex data sets have simply been lost. While the current focus is on the LHC at CERN, in the current period several important and unique experimental programs at other facilities are coming to an end, including those at HERA, b-factories and the Tevatron. To address this issue, an inter-experimental study group on HEP data preservation and long-term analysis (DPHEP) was convened at the end of 2008. The group now aims to publish a full and detailed review of the present status of data preservation in high energy physics. This contribution summarises the results of the DPHEP study group, describing the challenges of data preservation in high energy physics and the group's first conclusions and recommendations. The physics motivation for data preservation, generic computing and preservation models, technological expectations and governance aspects at local and international levels are examined.; Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of ACAT 2011 poster

An inter-experimental study group, DPHEP, was formed in 2009 to systematically investigate the technical and organisational aspects of data preservation and long-term analysis in high-energy physics, a subject which had hitherto lacked clarity in the field. The study group includes representation from all major high-energy physics collider-based experiments and laboratories, as well as computing centres and funding agencies. A major report was released in May 2012, greatly expanding on the ideas contained in a preliminary publication three years earlier, and providing a more solid set of recommendations, not only concerning data preservation and its implementation in high-energy physics, but also the future direction and organisational model of the study group. A brief description of the DPHEP Study Group and some of the key messages from the major report are presented.; Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; proceedings of talk given at ICHEP 2012, Melbourne, July 2012