Biblioteca Digital

Pode a direção de uma escola de Educação Infantil criar um espaço de escuta psicanalítica com a equipe pedagógica, visando desconstruir as visões estereotipadas de criança-problema de modo que cada criança possa ser considerada como um sujeito, ou seja, um enigma que nunca chega a ser solucionado? Essa é a questão que guia este trabalho. Afinal, que criança é essa? Esta pesquisa busca problematizar as diferentes concepções de infância e de educação escolar, explicitando como a criança vem sendo continuamente considerada pela Pedagogia, desde a implantação da educação infantil no mundo ocidental e no Brasil, como um ser natural, biológico ou social passível de ser entendido e conhecido integralmente, com auxílio de outras disciplinas como a Medicina e a Psicologia. Por outro lado, a Psicanálise explicita que, no encontro entre adulto e criança, há uma rachadura por onde se revela o impossível de saber, de controlar, de educar. O mal-estar gerado nesse (des)encontro, principalmente quando se tratam de crianças que não se encaixam nos moldes ideais, vem gerando diversas metodologias e iniciativas educacionais. Algumas reflexões sobre Psicanálise e Educação são retomadas, passando pelos principais psicanalistas que se dedicaram de alguma forma a questões da infância...

O objetivo geral do estudo foi compreender as significações dos gestores educacionais sobre o atendimento às crianças do campo na educação infantil. Buscou-se ainda compreender: como municípios da mesorregião de Ribeirão Preto (SP) ofertam a educação infantil às crianças de 0 a 5 anos moradoras em área rural; como gestores educacionais organizam e significam o atendimento às crianças do campo na educação infantil. O estudo teve uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Os dados quantitativos foram levantados por meio de questionários respondidos por 18 secretarias de educação de municípios da mesorregião de Ribeirão Preto. As informações qualitativas foram levantadas por meio de observação em 4 pré-escolas localizadas no campo e de entrevistas com gestores de um município da mesorregião de Ribeirão Preto, escolhido como foco da pesquisa. Participaram 6 gestores: 1 secretária de educação, 1 coordenadora municipal de educação infantil, 2 diretoras escolares e 2 coordenadoras pedagógicas das pré-escolas no campo. O material empírico foi categorizado e analisado de acordo com a perspectiva teórico metodológica da Rede de Significações. Os resultados advindos dos questionários indicam que: a quase totalidade dos municípios oferta educação infantil para as crianças em área rural; a oferta é prioritária para crianças de 4 e 5 anos de idade...

We examine if an expansion in the supply of public preschool crowds-out private enrollment using rich data for municipalities in Brazil from 2000-2006, where federal transfers to local governments change discontinuously with given population thresholds. Results from a regression-discontinuity design reveal that larger federal transfers lead to a significant expansion of local public preschool services, but show no effects on the quantity or quality of private provision. These findings are consistent with a theory in which households differ in willingness-to-pay for preschool services, and private suppliers optimally adjust prices in response to an expansion of lower-quality, free-of-charge public supply.; COMPETE; QREN; FEDER; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Over the past decade, Turkey has experienced significant socioeconomic progress and demographic changes. The benefit of Early Childhood Education (ECE) programs is maximized when the interventions are targeted to children from disadvantaged families. This report examines the ECE provision in Turkey, and offers policy options for improving and expanding the ECE system in the future. The report endorses the goal of the expansion plan and provides detailed recommendations for achieving this ambition in an efficient and equitable manner. This report is divided into following four sections: section one gives introduction, section two presents an analytical framework for analyzing early childhood interventions, section three conducts an in-depth analysis of ECE in Turkey and identifies key challenges, and section four recommends and outlines proposals for a dual-program strategy for expanding quality ECE in Turkey.

Albanian students improved their performance on PIS A1 reading, math, and science assessments between 2000 and 2012, a period over which access to upper secondary education expanded dramatically. The improvements are equivalent to a quarter to half a year of schooling in math and science and more than one year of schooling in reading. The improvements were realized despite substantial increases in enrollment and the attendant changes in the PISA sample composition. The gross enrollment rate in upper secondary education was only about 40 percent in 2000, but increased markedly to 72 percent in 2009 and 83 percent in 2012. A spike in enrollment usually results in lower average student performance due to the inclusion of poorer and traditionally excluded students. In the context of a rapidly expanding education system, it is remarkable that Albania managed to improve its average PISA scores. It is even more notable that the improvement came from significant advancements made by low-achieving students. Albania s improved PIS A scores coincide with the launch of intensive reform efforts in its education sector. The Government of Albania initiated the education sector strategy formulation process in 2002...

The returns to investments in early childhood development (ECD) are manifold and can include improved school readiness, reduced drop-out rates, higher labor force productivity and greater social cohesion. Despite these high returns, enrollment in early childhood education is just 18 percent across Africa, with disproportionately high enrollment from children in urban areas and from wealthier families. Interactive Audio Instruction (IAI) is a distance learning technology that can deliver low-cost, culturally appropriate education via radio or mobile audio technology. It is a highly effective tool to reach children who can be hard to reach through conventional programs, including the rural poor and children with disabilities. IAI can also be an effective form of service delivery in unstable and conflict-affected regions.

RESUMEN: Los niños de 0-6 años apenas reciben conocimientos relacionados con la Educación Ambiental, tanto en el contexto escolar como fuera de él debido a que existen insuficientes iniciativas medioambientales, siendo algunas de ellas desconocidas por la sociedad. Por ello, hemos revisado los recursos de Educación Ambiental que la comunidad autónoma de Cantabria tiene a disposición del alumnado de Educación Infantil, pretendiendo conocer la calidad de las propuestas disponibles y quiénes son sus principales destinatarios. Tras este análisis, podemos afirmar que existen recursos para trabajar la EA con niños del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil, pero no los suficientes, siendo los temas más recurridos: el conocimiento del entorno, la flora y la fauna. Para contribuir a la mejora de la enseñanza de contenidos del Medio Ambiente, hemos llevado a cabo una propuesta lúdico-educativa basada en un Proyecto medioambiental a través de actividades experimentales y vivenciales que favorezcan la educación de los niños de 3-6 años en materia medioambiental.; ABSTRACT: Children 0-6 years receive little knowledge about environmental education, both in the school and outside it because there are insufficient environmental initiatives...

This Education Sector Study (ESS) is the World Bank's response to the need for a comprehensive study of Turkey's education system, in light of the dramatic changes that are sure to alter the country's social and economic landscape over the next decade. The study was prepared in association with the Education Reform Initiative of the Istanbul Policy Center on the basis of research and dialogue with a wide array of education stakeholders and actors. The overall objective of the ESS is to provide an assessment of current challenges to the education system in Turkey and identify policy options that can complement the country's existing pre-tertiary education strategy. Volume one provides a complete description of challenges, conclusions, and policy options for the reform of pre-school, primary, and secondary education. It includes an Annex that summarizes the research studies and policy notes commissioned to inform the report. Volume II is a collection of the complete research studies and policy notes commissioned for the ESS report.

How can we help kids reach their full potential? Experts know that the first years of life are crucial to healthy development. And that's just the start. Children need regular mental and physical stimulation along with healthcare and proper nutrition to keep their development on track. Preschool programs are a great way to give kids the educational building blocks to help them learn and prepare for primary school. But in low-income countries, parents don't always have the opportunity: governments haven't invested in preschools; private sector offerings may be too pricey or not close by; and parents may not understand the benefits. Children need regular mental and physical stimulation along with healthcare and proper nutrition to keep their development on track. Preschool programs are a great way to give kids the educational building blocks to help them learn and prepare for primary school. But in low-income countries, parents don't always have the opportunity: governments haven't invested in preschools; private sector offerings may be too pricey or not close by; and parents may not understand the benefits.

This review has three objectives: (i) assess the education sector outcomes; (ii) evaluate the cost of the education program and the budget formulation process; (iii) identify areas to improve the efficiency of public expenditure on education and make medium-term savings. The Latvian government has demonstrated a strong commitment to education. With 7.2 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) allocated to education in 1999, Latvian spending on education compares most favorably to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) standards. Although reforms in the education sector are being implemented, the sector faces critical challenges. The education sector has resisted adaptation, in spite of significant shifts in the enrollment pattern. The number of preschool teachers and schools only slightly decreased; while the number of children aged 0 to 6 has been falling. With fewer children arriving at the school door, it is becoming harder for the education sector to justify maintaining small schools...

Yunnan is a medium-sized and relatively poor Chinese province on the southwestern border of China. In 2012, the Yunnan department of education formally requested Bank support in conducting a review of early childhood education policies and programs in order to gain an in-depth and evidence-based understanding of the challenges the province faces in expanding early childhood education-in particular to rural and mountainous regions. The Bank's China education team embarked on raising funds, designing and implementing a rather elaborate research agenda around early childhood education. The goal was to investigate key challenges, and to propose policy interventions for expanding the Early Child Development (ECD) coverage in rural Yunnan. This report presents the findings from the background studies, and draws potential policy implications for improving the access to and quality of preschool education in Yunnan province. China has now almost achieved universal 9-year basic education. Over the last decade, the country has devoted increasing attention to policy development in early childhood education. Even though China does not yet have a specific early childhood education law...

This study is intended for non-Russian researchers wanting to get familiar with the education system of the Russian Federation and more generally for all those involved in education and education policy. It does not represent exhaustive information on the Russian education system and all problems and challenges existing there, but briefly describes its main features. The report has the following structure. The opening chapter provides an overview of the education system in Russia and briefly reviews the most evident emergent trends. Chapters two through five are devoted to description of education system by level. The chapters are arranged by ascending order of educational level and each chapter's present information in a progression from the most general to the most specific. First, data on the current state of education system is provided. They characterize the human and financial resources allocated to education; describe the network of educational institutions across the country, and show regional disparities of spending on education. Next in each section key problems and challenges are examined; the focus is mainly made on access to and quality of educational services. Third...

The authors study the effect of pre-primary education on children's subsequent school outcomes by exploiting a unique feature of the Uruguayan household survey (ECH) that collects retrospective information on preschool attendance in the context of a rapid expansion in the supply of pre-primary places. Using a within household estimator, they find small gains from preschool attendance at early ages that magnify as children grow up. By age 15, treated children have accumulated 0.8 extra years of education and are 27 percentage points more likely to be in school compared with their untreated siblings. Instrumental variables estimates that control for nonrandom selection of siblings into preschool lead to similar results. The authors speculate that early grade repetition harms subsequent school progression and that pre-primary education appears as a successful policy option to prevent early grade failure and its long lasting consequences.

How can we help kids reach their full potential? Experts know that the first years of life are crucial to healthy development. And that's just the start. Children need regular mental and physical stimulation along with healthcare and proper nutrition to keep their development on track. Preschool programs are a great way to give kids the educational building blocks to help them learn and prepare for primary school. But in low-income countries, parents don't always have the opportunity: governments haven't invested in preschools; private sector offerings may be too pricey or not close by; and parents may not understand the benefits. Children need regular mental and physical stimulation along with healthcare and proper nutrition to keep their development on track. Preschool programs are a great way to give kids the educational building blocks to help them learn and prepare for primary school. But in low-income countries, parents don't always have the opportunity: governments haven't invested in preschools; private sector offerings may be too pricey or not close by; and parents may not understand the benefits.

Kazakhstan's Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 performance improved markedly compared to 2009, and indicated a narrowing achievement gap among students. Math and science performance improvements equivalent to more than half a year of schooling were achieved. According to the OECD, 40 points in PISA is equivalent to what students learn in one year of schooling. The improvements reduced the gap with other countries in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) by almost half. Moreover, the performance improvements of the lowest achievers in 2009 and 2012 outpaced those of their higher achieving peers at a rate that compares favorably against OECD countries. However, performance on reading improved only marginally and overall reading achievement remained low, with some groups of students actually performing worse in 2012. Kazakhstan's PISA performance places it significantly behind other countries, especially in reading. Countries with income per capita levels similar to Kazakhstan's (namely Turkey and Russia) performed significantly better in math...

Esta pesquisa resultou de uma longa caminhada, durante a qual se identificou que muitos educadores apresentavam dificuldades no entendimento e atendimento aos interesses e necessidades lúdicas infantis. Diante disso, e da (re) implantação de brinquedotecas ocorridas, desde 2004, pela Secretaria de Educação, nos Centros Municipais Infantis (CMEIs), de uma cidade do sudoeste do Paraná, resolveu-se compreender a práxis ludo-pedagógica de professoras da pré-escola. Inicialmente, visitaram-se todos os (treze) Centros e, em seguida, ministrou-se um curso para educadores dessas instituições. Durante sua realização, identificou-se que havia entre eles três concepções referentes ao brincar: dirigido, livre e mediado. Essas informações serviram como condução para este estudo. Posteriormente, analisaram-se em quatro CMEIs (denominados de cores): a concepção e a função das professoras no tocante ao brincar e brinquedoteca; como eram selecionados e adquiridos os brinquedos que compunham o acervo desse ambiente; e com o que e como as crianças brincavam em diferentes tempos e espaços dessas instituições. Realizaram-se as ações por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, questionários, observações e filmagem da prática lúdica das professoras. Na revisão teórica...

The objective of this report is to analyze the state of early childhood education (ECE1) provision and the policy framework for delivering ECE in Sri Lanka, and suggest policy options for the future. The report is intended to serve several purposes. First, drawing upon the international literature in the field of early childhood development, it provides the rationale for investing in early childhood education in Sri Lanka. Second, it provides an understanding of the current policy framework and delivery system for ECE in the country. This policy analysis specifically looks at the extent to which there is an enabling environment for ECE, what provisions exist for monitoring and quality assurance, and how widely the policy is being implemented. Third, it presents a situation analysis of ECE provision in Sri Lanka, discussing the issues of access, equity, and quality in the delivery of ECE services. The discussion on equity focuses mainly on understanding disparities in access, and the analysis of quality looks at the quality of inputs...

Foi realizado inquérito de consumo alimentar em 383 pré-escocalares e respecttivas famílias, matriculados em 21 Centros de Educação e Alimentação do Pré-Escolar (CEAPEs) de 7 cidades do interior paulista. Utilizou-se o método da pesagem direta dos alimentos, combinado com o recordatório, para obtenção do consumo alimentar de 24 horas da família e do pré-escolar. Concomitantemente, foram obtidas informações sobre a merenda escolar recebida e sua influência nas refeições realizadas em casa pelo pré-escolar. Cerca de 50% dos pré-escolares apresentaram deficiência energética, enquanto apenas 15% não alcançaram 90% ou mais de adequação de consumo de proteínas. Os pré-escolares apresentaram ainda deficiência acentuada de vitamina A, cálcio, niacina e vitamina C. Quanto às famílias, as maiores deficiências alimentares foram em relação à vitamina A e ao cálcio. A merenda escolar influenciou consumo alimentar do pré-escolar, tanto em relação ao número de refeições, quanto à quantidade de alimentos ingeridos em casa.; A dietary survey was carried out among preschool children and their families drawn from twenty-one Preschool Education and Feeding Centre (CEAPEs), in seven towns of the State of S. Paulo. The diatary data from children and families were obtained by applying the weighed food intake method combined with the recall method...

Partindo de considerações gerais sobre o conceito do currículo na educação infantil e da análise crítica deste currículo em ação, notadamente no que diz respeito à participação das crianças nas comemorações de datas e eventos diversos em creche, maternal, jardim de infância e nas chamadas classes de pré-escola, a autora levanta questionamentos e propõe alguns pontos fundamentais para a reflexão da prática pedagógica do educador infantil.; From general considerations on the concept of the curriculum in the preschool education and a critical analysis of this curriculum in action, mainly in relation to children's participation in the celebrations of special events in day care centers, kindergartens and preschool classrooms, the author raises some questions and proposes fundamental points for the reflection of the preschool educator's pedagogical practice.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between gender and the temperamental characteristics of children between the ages of five and six, as well as to assess their behavioural problems. The sample included 128 children selected by simple random sampling from 5-6 year old children, receiving preschool education in the city centre of Izmir province in Turkey. Of the children, 65 were girls (50.8%) and 63 (49.2%) were boys. The data collection instruments were the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales and the Short Temperament Scale for Children, respectively. The results of this study reveal that there is no significiant difference between gender and the child temperament subscales of approach/withdrawal; persistence and rhythmicity; and a child's behavioural problems, respectively. However, the gender of the children was found to be significantly related to the reactivity sub-dimension of their temperament (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the temperament subscale of reactivity and externalising problems subscale of behavioural problems (p < 0.05). On the other hand, a negative correlation was observed between the persistence temperament dimension and the behavioural problem dimension of self-centredness (p < 0.05). In the opinion of the researcher...