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## Normal forms, stability and splitting of invariant manifolds I. Gevrey Hamiltonians

Bounemoura, Abed
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
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26.98%
In this paper, we give a new construction of resonant normal forms with a small remainder for near-integrable Hamiltonians at a quasi-periodic frequency. The construction is based on the special case of a periodic frequency, a Diophantine result concerning the approximation of a vector by independent periodic vectors and a technique of composition of periodic averaging. It enables us to deal with non-analytic Hamiltonians, and in this first part we will focus on Gevrey Hamiltonians and derive normal forms with an exponentially small remainder. This extends a result which was known for analytic Hamiltonians, and only in the periodic case for Gevrey Hamiltonians. As applications, we obtain an exponentially large upper bound on the stability time for the evolution of the action variables and an exponentially small upper bound on the splitting of invariant manifolds for hyperbolic tori, generalizing corresponding results for analytic Hamiltonians.

## Limitations on the simulation of non-sparse Hamiltonians

Childs, Andrew M.; Kothari, Robin
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
26.87%
The problem of simulating sparse Hamiltonians on quantum computers is well studied. The evolution of a sparse N x N Hamiltonian H for time t can be simulated using O(||Ht||poly(log N)) operations, which is essentially optimal due to a no--fast-forwarding theorem. Here, we consider non-sparse Hamiltonians and show significant limitations on their simulation. We generalize the no--fast-forwarding theorem to dense Hamiltonians, ruling out generic simulations taking time o(||Ht||), even though ||H|| is not a unique measure of the size of a dense Hamiltonian $H$. We also present a stronger limitation ruling out the possibility of generic simulations taking time poly(||Ht||,log N), showing that known simulations based on discrete-time quantum walk cannot be dramatically improved in general. On the positive side, we show that some non-sparse Hamiltonians can be simulated efficiently, such as those with graphs of small arboricity.; Comment: v1: 12 pages. v2: 15 pages; strengthened main result

## Higher-order-in-spin interaction Hamiltonians for binary black holes from Poincar\'e invariance

Hergt, Steven; Schäfer, Gerhard
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
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26.87%
The fulfillment of the space-asymptotic Poincar\'e algebra is used to derive new higher-order-in-spin interaction Hamiltonians for binary black holes in the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner canonical formalism almost completing the set of the formally $1/c^4$ spin-interaction Hamiltonians involving nonlinear spin terms. To linear order in $G$, the expressions for the $S^3p$- and the $S^2p^2$-Hamiltonians are completed. It is also shown that there are no quartic nonlinear $S^4$-Hamiltonians to linear order in $G$.; Comment: REVTeX4, 14 pages; center-of-mass-vector corrected Eq. (2.25) and modified coefficients of the Hamiltonian Eq. (7.3) and corresponding source terms Eqs. (7.5) and (7.6) following hereof; version to appear in Phys Rev D

## A class of asymmetric gapped Hamiltonians on quantum spin chains and its characterization II

Ogata, Yoshiko
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
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26.93%
We give a characterization of the class of gapped Hamiltonians introduced in PartI [O]. The Hamiltonians in this class are given as MPS (Matrix product state) Hamiltonians. In [O], we list up properties of ground state structures of Hamiltonians in this class. In this Part II, we show the converse. Namely, if a (not necessarily MPS) Hamiltonian $H$ satisfies five of the listed properties, there is a Hamiltonian $H'$ from the class in [O], satisfying the followings: The ground state spaces of the two Hamiltonians on the infinite intervals coincide. The spectral projections onto the ground state space of $H$ on each finite intervals are approximated by that of $H'$ exponentially well, with respect to the interval size. The latter property has an application to the classification problem.

## Weak KAM theoretic aspects for nonregular commuting Hamiltonians

Davini, Andrea; Zavidovique, Maxime
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
26.87%
In this paper we consider the notion of commutation for a pair of continuous and convex Hamiltonians, given in terms of commutation of their Lax- Oleinik semigroups. This is equivalent to the solvability of an associated multi- time Hamilton-Jacobi equation. We examine the weak KAM theoretic aspects of the commutation property and show that the two Hamiltonians have the same weak KAM solutions and the same Aubry set, thus generalizing a result recently obtained by the second author for Tonelli Hamiltonians. We make a further step by proving that the Hamiltonians admit a common critical subsolution, strict outside their Aubry set. This subsolution can be taken of class C^{1,1} in the Tonelli case. To prove our main results in full generality, it is crucial to establish suitable differentiability properties of the critical subsolutions on the Aubry set. These latter results are new in the purely continuous case and of independent interest.; Comment: 37 pages. Third version. Presentation of the commutation property changed. Proof of the main theorem made clearer

## Linked $\mathcal{PT }$-symmetry to Supersymmetry in a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians

Shalaby, Abouzeid
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
27.14%
We introduce and study a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians which have velocity dependent potentials. Since stability can not be advocated directly from the classical potential, we show that the energy spectra are real and bounded from below which proves the stability of the spectra of all members in the class. We find that the introduced class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians do have a corresponding superpartner class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. We were able to introduce supercharges which in conjunction with the corresponding super Hamiltonians constitute a closed super algebra. Among the introduced Hamiltonians, we show that non-$\mathcal{PT }$-symmetric Hamiltonians can be transformed into their corresponding superpartner Hamiltonians via a specific canonical transformation while the $\mathcal{PT }$-symmetric ones failed to be mapped to their corresponding superpartner Hamiltonians via the same canonical transformation. Since canonical transformations preserve the spectrum, we conclude that non-$\mathcal{PT }$-symmetric Hamiltonians out of the introduced class of Hamiltonians have the same spectrum as the corresponding superpartner Hamiltonians and thus Susy is broken for such Hamiltonians. This kind of intertwining of $\mathcal{PT }$-symmetry and Supersymmetry is new as all the so far discussed cases concentrate on Hamiltonians of broken $\mathcal{PT }%$-symmetry that have broken Supersymmetry too while we showed that Susy can be also broken for non-$\mathcal{PT }$-symmetric and non-Hermitian Hamiltonians .; Comment: 11 pages...

## Optimal Time Evolution for Hermitian and Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians

Bender, Carl M.; Brody, Dorje C.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
26.93%
Consider the set of all Hamiltonians whose largest and smallest energy eigenvalues, E_max and E_min, differ by a fixed energy \omega. Given two quantum states, an initial state |\psi_I> and a final state |\psi_F>, there exist many Hamiltonians H belonging to this set under which |\psi_I> evolves in time into |\psi_F>. Which Hamiltonian transforms the initial state to the final state in the least possible time \tau? For Hermitian Hamiltonians, $\tau$ has a nonzero lower bound. However, among complex non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonians satisfying the same energy constraint, \tau can be made arbitrarily small without violating the time-energy uncertainty principle. The minimum value of \tau can be made arbitrarily small because for PT-symmetric Hamiltonians the evolution path from the vector |\psi_I> to the vector |\psi_F>, as measured using the Hilbert-space metric appropriate for this theory, can be made arbitrarily short. The mechanism described here resembles the effect in general relativity in which two space-time points can be made arbitrarily close if they are connected by a wormhole. This result may have applications in quantum computing.; Comment: 20 pages. To appear in: Time in Quantum Mechanics II, edited by J.G. Muga

## Time Dependent Quadratic Hamiltonians,SU(1,1), SU(2), SU(2,1) and SU(3)

Croxson, Paul
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
26.87%
The properties of SU(1,1) SU(2),SU(2,1) and SU(3) have often been used in quantum optics. In this paper we demonstrate the use of these symmetries. The group properties of SU(1,1) SU(2), and SU(2,1) are used to find the transition probabilities of various time dependent quadratic Hamiltonians. We consider Hamiltonians representing the frequency converter,parametric amplifier and raman scattering.These Hamiltonians are used to describe optical coupling in nonlinear crystals.; Comment: This paper is a replacement, new, appendix, sections and references have been added. A version of this paper has been accepted by 'Physics Letters A' on 17th of febuary 2006. It is available from http://www.sciencedirect.com. Title of paper 'Time dependent quadratic Hamiltonians SU(2) and SU(2,1)' author Paul Croxson 19 pages

## Hyperbolic Deformation on Quantum Lattice Hamiltonians

Ueda, Hiroshi; Nishino, Tomotoshi
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
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26.93%
A group of non-uniform quantum lattice Hamiltonians in one dimension is introduced, which is related to the hyperbolic $1 + 1$-dimensional space. The Hamiltonians contain only nearest neighbor interactions whose strength is proportional to $\cosh j \lambda$, where $j$ is the lattice index and where $\lambda \ge 0$ is a deformation parameter. In the limit $\lambda \to 0$ the Hamiltonians become uniform. Spacial translation of the deformed Hamiltonians is induced by the corner Hamiltonians. As a simple example, we investigate the ground state of the deformed $S = 1/2$ Heisenberg spin chain by use of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. It is shown that the ground state is dimerized when $\lambda$ is finite. Spin correlation function show exponential decay, and the boundary effect decreases with increasing $\lambda$.; Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

## Graph states as ground states of two-body frustration-free Hamiltonians

Darmawan, Andrew S.; Bartlett, Stephen D.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
26.93%
The framework of measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) allows us to view the ground states of local Hamiltonians as potential resources for universal quantum computation. A central goal in this field is to find models with ground states that are universal for MBQC and that are also natural in the sense that they involve only two-body interactions and have a small local Hilbert space dimension. Graph states are the original resource states for MBQC, and while it is not possible to obtain graph states as exact ground states of two-body Hamiltonians here we construct two-body frustration-free Hamiltonians that have arbitrarily good approximations of graph states as unique ground states. The construction involves taking a two-body frustration-free model that has a ground state convertible to a graph state with stochastic local operations, then deforming the model such that its ground state is close to a graph state. Each graph state qubit resides in a subspace of a higher dimensional particle. This deformation can be applied to two-body frustration-free Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) models, yielding Hamiltonians that are exactly solvable with exact tensor network expressions for ground states. For the star-lattice AKLT model...

## Classification of three-state Hamiltonians solvable by Coordinate Bethe Ansatz

Crampe, N.; Frappat, L.; Ragoucy, E.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
27.07%
We classify all Hamiltonians with rank 1 symmetry, acting on a periodic three-state spin chain, and solvable through (generalisation of) the coordinate Bethe ansatz (CBA). We obtain in this way four multi-parametric extensions of the known 19-vertex Hamiltonians (such as Zamolodchikov-Fateev, Izergin-Korepin, Bariev Hamiltonians). Apart from the 19-vertex Hamiltonians, there exists 17-vertex and 14-vertex Hamiltonians that cannot be viewed as subcases of the 19-vertex ones. In the case of 17-vertex Hamiltonian, we get a generalization of the genus 5 special branch found by Martins, plus three new ones. We get also two 14-vertex Hamiltonians. We solve all these Hamiltonians using CBA, and provide their spectrum, eigenfunctions and Bethe equations. A special attention is made to provide the specifications of our multi-parametric Hamiltonians that give back known Hamiltonians.; Comment: 30 pages; web page: http://www.coulomb.univ-montp2.fr/3Ham

## Hubbard-like Hamiltonians for interacting electrons in s, p and d orbitals

Coury, M. E. A.; Dudarev, S. L.; Foulkes, W. M. C.; Horsfield, A. P.; Ma, Pui-Wai; Spencer, J. S.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
26.93%
Hubbard-like Hamiltonians are widely used to describe on-site Coulomb interactions in magnetic and strongly-correlated solids, but there is much confusion in the literature about the form these Hamiltonians should take for shells of p and d orbitals. This paper derives the most general s, p and d orbital Hubbard-like Hamiltonians consistent with the relevant symmetries, and presents them in ways convenient for practical calculations. We use the full configuration interaction method to study p and d orbital dimers and compare results obtained using the correct Hamiltonian and the collinear and vector Stoner Hamiltonians. The Stoner Hamiltonians can fail to describe properly the nature of the ground state, the time evolution of excited states, and the electronic heat capacity.; Comment: Updated the paper to make some clarifications and include colour figures

## A Modified Method for Deriving Self-Conjugate Dirac Hamiltonians in Arbitrary Gravitational Fields and Its Application to Centrally and Axially Symmetric Gravitational Fields

Gorbatenko, M. V.; Neznamov, V. P.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
26.98%
We have proposed previously a method for constructing self-conjugate Hamiltonians H_eta in the eta-representation with a flat scalar product to describe the dynamics of Dirac particles in arbitrary gravitational fields. In this paper, we prove that, for block-diagonal metrics, the Hamiltonians H_eta can be obtained, in particular, using "reduced" parts of Dirac Hamiltonians, i.e. expressions for Dirac Hamiltonians derived using tetrad vectors in the Schwinger gauge without or with a few summands with bispinor connectivities. Based on these results, we propose a modified method for constructing Hamiltonians in the eta-representation with a significantly smaller amount of required calculations. Using this method, here we for the first time find self-conjugate Hamiltonians for a number of metrics, including the Kerr metric in the Boyer-Lindquist coordinates, the Eddington-Finkelstein, Finkelstein-Lemaitre, Kruskal, Clifford torus metrics and for non-stationary metrics of open and spatially flat Friedmann models.; Comment: 24 pages

## Trivial Low Energy States for Commuting Hamiltonians, and the Quantum PCP Conjecture

Hastings, M. B.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
27.01%
We consider whether or not Hamiltonians which are sums of commuting projectors have "trivial" ground states which can be constructed by a local quantum circuit of bounded depth and range acting on a product state. While the toric code only has nontrivial ground states, commuting projector Hamiltonians which are sums of two-body interactions have trivial ground states. We define an "interaction complex" for a Hamiltonian, generalizing the interaction graph, and we show that if this complex can be continuously mapped to a 1-complex using a map with bounded diameter of pre-images then the Hamiltonian has a trivial ground state assuming one technical condition on the Hamiltonian (this condition holds for all stabilizer Hamiltonians, and we also prove the result for all Hamiltonians under an assumption on the 1-complex). While this includes cases considered by Ref., it also includes other Hamiltonians whose interaction complexes cannot be coarse-grained into the case of Ref. One motivation for this is the quantum PCP conjecture. Many commonly studied interaction complexes can be mapped to a 1-complex after removing a small fraction of sites. For commuting projector Hamiltonians on such complexes, a trivial ground state for the Hamiltonian with those sites removed is a low energy trivial state for the original Hamiltonian. Such states can act as a classical witness to the existence of a low energy state. While this result applies only to commuting Hamiltonians...

## Spherical-separablility of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and pseudo-PT-symmetry

Mustafa, Omar; Mazharimousavi, S. Habib
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
26.93%
Non-Hermitian but P(phi)T(phi)-symmetrized spherically-separable Dirac and Schrodinger Hamiltonians are considered. It is observed that the descendant Hamiltonians H(r), H(theta), and H(phi) play essential roles and offer some "user-feriendly" options as to which one (or ones) of them is (or are) non-Hermitian. Considering a P(phi)T(phi)-symmetrized H(phi), we have shown that the conventional Dirac (relativistic) and Schrodinger (non-relativistic) energy eigenvalues are recoverable. We have also witnessed an unavoidable change in the azimuthal part of the general wavefunction. Moreover, setting a possible interaction V(theta) in the descendant Hamiltonian H(theta) would manifest a change in the angular theta-dependent part of the general solution too. Whilst some P(phi)T(phi)-symmetrized H(phi) Hamiltonians are considered, a recipe to keep the regular magnetic quantum number m, as defined in the regular traditional Hermitian settings, is suggested. Hamiltonians possess properties similar to the PT-symmetric ones (here the non-Hermitian P(phi)T(phi)-symmetric Hamiltonians) are nicknamed as pseudo-PT-symmetric.; Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures. This article is a combination of arXiv:0711.3887 and arXiv:0710.5814

## Non-linear Supersymmetry for non-Hermitian, non-diagonalizable Hamiltonians: I. General properties

Andrianov, A. A.; Cannata, F.; Sokolov, A. V.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
26.98%
We study complex potentials and related non-diagonalizable Hamiltonians with special emphasis on formal definitions of associated functions and Jordan cells. The nonlinear SUSY for complex potentials is considered and the theorems characterizing its structure are presented. We present the class of potentials invariant under SUSY transformations for non-diagonalizable Hamiltonians and formulate several results concerning the properties of associated functions . We comment on the applicability of these results for softly non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonians. The role of SUSY (Darboux) transformations in increasing/decreasing of Jordancells in SUSY partner Hamiltonians is thoroughly analyzed and summarized in the Index Theorem. The properties of non-diagonalizable Hamiltonians as well as the Index Theorem are illustrated in the solvable examples of non-Hermitian reflectionless Hamiltonians . The rigorous proofs are relegated to the Part II of this paper. At last, some peculiarities in resolution of identity for discrete and continuous spectra with a zero-energy bound state at threshold are discussed.; Comment: 31 pp., detailed discussion of PT symmetry and more of relevant refs are added

## Solution of the problem of uniqueness and hermiticity of hamiltonians for Dirac particles in gravitational fields

Gorbatenko, M. V.; Neznamov, V. P.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
27.07%
The authors prove that the dynamics of spin 1/2 particles in stationary gravitational fields can be described using an approach, which builds upon the formalism of pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians. The proof consists in the analysis of three expressions for Hamiltonians, which are derived from the Dirac equation and describe the dynamics of spin 1/2 particles in the gravitational field of the Kerr solution. The Hamiltonians correspond to different choices of tetrad vectors and differ from each other. The differences between the Hamiltonians confirm the conclusion known from many studies that the Hamiltonians derived from the Dirac equation are non-unique. Application of standard pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics rules to each of these Hamiltonians produces the same Hermitian Hamiltonian. The eigenvalue spectrum of the resulting Hamiltonian is the same as that of the Hamiltonians derived from the Dirac equation with any chosen system of tetrad vectors. For description of the dynamics of spin 1/2 particles in stationary gravitational fields can be used not only the formalism of pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians, but also an alternative approach, which employs the Parker scalar product. The authors show that the alternative approach is equivalent to the formalism of pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians.; Comment: 20 pages

## Realizable Hamiltonians for Universal Adiabatic Quantum Computers

Biamonte, Jacob D.; Love, Peter J.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
26.93%
It has been established that local lattice spin Hamiltonians can be used for universal adiabatic quantum computation. However, the 2-local model Hamiltonians used in these proofs are general and hence do not limit the types of interactions required between spins. To address this concern, the present paper provides two simple model Hamiltonians that are of practical interest to experimentalists working towards the realization of a universal adiabatic quantum computer. The model Hamiltonians presented are the simplest known QMA-complete 2-local Hamiltonians. The 2-local Ising model with 1-local transverse field which has been realized using an array of technologies, is perhaps the simplest quantum spin model but is unlikely to be universal for adiabatic quantum computation. We demonstrate that this model can be rendered universal and QMA-complete by adding a tunable 2-local transverse XX coupling. We also show the universality and QMA-completeness of spin models with only 1-local Z and X fields and 2-local ZX interactions.; Comment: Paper revised and extended to improve clarity; to appear in Physical Review A

## Finite-Dimensional PT-Symmetric Hamiltonians

Bender, Carl M.; Meisinger, Peter N.; Wang, Qinghai
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica