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## Investigation of some dielectric properties of phosphate glasses doped with iron oxides, by a microwave technique

BERGO, P.; PONTUSCHKA, W. M.; PRISON, J. M.; MOTTA, C. C.
Fonte: ELSEVIER SCI LTD Publicador: ELSEVIER SCI LTD
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
ENG
Relevância na Pesquisa
56.31%
The effects of iron ions on dielectric properties of lithium sodium phosphate glasses were studied by non-usual, fast and non-destructive microwave techniques. The dielectric constant (epsilon). insertion loss (L) and microwave absorption spectra (microwave response) of the selected glass system xFe(2)O(3)center dot(1 - x)(50P(2)O5 center dot 25Li(2)O center dot 25Na(2)O), being x = 0, 3, 6, ....,15 expressed in mol.%, were investigated. The dielectric constant of the samples was investigated at 9.00 GHz using the shorted-line method (SLM) giving the minimum value of epsilon = 2.10 +/- 0.02 at room temperature, and increasing further with x, following a given law. It was observed a gradual increasing slope Of E in the temperature range of 25 <= t <= 330 degrees C, at the frequency of 9.00 GHz. Insertion loss (measured at 9.00 GHz) and measurements of microwave energy attenuation, at frequencies ranging from 8.00 to 12.00 GHz were also studied as a function of iron content in the glass samples. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.; FAPESP- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo[00/12813-6]

## Dielectric properties and physical features of phosphate glasses containing iron oxide

BERGO, P.; PONTUSCHKA, W. M.; PRISON, J. M.
Fonte: ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA Publicador: ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
ENG
Relevância na Pesquisa
46.44%
Microwave techniques were applied to the study of dielectric properties of phosphate glasses on the basis of contributions from permanent and induced dipolar polarization of local structural units interacting with the electrical component of the electromagnetic radiation. The dielectric constant of the selected glass system (100-x)(50P(2)O(5)center dot 25Li(2)O center dot 25Na(2)O)center dot xFe(2)O(3), where 0 <= x <= 21 is in mol%, was measured using a microwave setup assembled to measure the phase shift of the standing wave pattern produced by the insertion of the sample. It is shown that the Fe2+ ions contribute effectively to the dielectric constant, as expected from the interactions of the dipoles of the local charge compensation pairs with the microwave radiation. However, there is the possibility of occurrence of some ions Fe3+, in general, at low iron content, which reinforces the glass structure and, therefore, decreases the dielectric constant. There is a gradual conversion from Fe3+ to Fe2+ as the iron ions increases. This is possibly the reason of the anomaly in the dielectric constant values observed in the results. These assumptions can be checked by results of electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption (OA). The dielectric constant of the glasses studied in this work was found to increase with the temperature in the range of 25-330 degrees C. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

## A close dielectric spectroscopic analysis of diesel/biodiesel blends and potential dielectric approaches for biodiesel content assessment

Souza, J. E.; Scherer, M. D.; Cáceres, J. A. S.; Caires, A. R. L.; MPeko, Jean Claude
Fonte: Elsevier; Oxford Publicador: Elsevier; Oxford
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
ENG
Relevância na Pesquisa
56.38%
Diesel/biodiesel blends have been more and more used as an alternative fuel due to their economic, social and environmental advantages. This is why, in many cases, legislative policies have been or are being implemented to fix a minimal percentage of biodiesel content to be added in diesel fuels. In order to ensure the mandatory use, of course, it is necessary to develop methods able to quantify the amount of biodiesel in such blends. Despite the fact that the methodology based on the Fourier transform midinfrared spectroscopy is the standard one used to determine the biodiesel content, several other techniques have been, in the last years, proposed as alternative methods to overcome some limitations presented by infrared spectroscopy. In particular, impedance spectroscopy has been proposed as a cheaper alternative technique in this quantification process. Owing to the very high resistivity response from diesel/biodiesel blends, nevertheless, development of dielectric-based biodiesel content sensors has been mainly focussed on measuring the corresponding dielectric constant. By using a sample holder with adequate dimensions, it was possible to carry here out a much complete dielectric spectroscopic study of diesel/biodiesel blends...

## Interpretação dos resultados de ensaios TDR para a determinação do teor de umidade dos solos; Interpretation of TDR test results for determining the moisture content of soil

Valdivia Calderón, Victor Jack
Fonte: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP Publicador: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Tipo: Dissertação de Mestrado Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 20/04/2010 PT
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46.4%

## Medidas das constantes dielétricas e deslocamento elétrico em dielétricos: desenvolvimento da técnica e metodologia; Measurements of dielectric constant and dielectric displacement: development of technique and methodology

Cabral, Flávio Pandur Albuquerque
Fonte: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP Publicador: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Tipo: Dissertação de Mestrado Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 21/07/1998 PT
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.42%
Desenvolveu-se um sistema para medir a constante dielétrica complexa de amostras dielétricas, de construção simples, versátil e de baixo custo. A medida é feita aplicando-se uma tensão senoidal e fazendo-se a aquisição do sinal aplicado e do sinal da resposta elétrica (carga elétrica). Emprega-se uma placa A/D para a aquisição de dados com taxa de amostragem de 100 Ksamples/seg e através da transformada de Fourier discreta destes sinais determina-se a impedância complexa da amostra, a partir da qual calcula-se a constante dielétrica complexa. A placa utilizada e o circuito de medida da carga elétrica introduzem defasagens indesejáveis nos sinais, cujas correções são feitas através de programa no computador usado para aquisição dos sinais. O sistema mostra um desempenho similar àqueles dos equipamentos comerciais para freqüências no intervalo de 0,1H.z a 1KHz, sendo testado com componentes resistivos e capacitivos e posteriormente em amostras de Teflon FEP, poli(fluoreto de vinilideno) e seus copolímeros com trifluoretileno. O sistema também foi utilizado para medir o deslocamento elétrico nos polímeros ferroelétricos sob a aplicação de campos elevados. Neste caso determinaram-se as curvas de histerese dielétrica e os deslocamentos de primeira...

## Dielectric properties and microstructure of SrTiO3/BaTiO3 multilayer thin films prepared by a chemical route

Pontes, F. M.; Leite, E. R.; Lee, EJH; Longo, Elson; Varela, José Arana
Fonte: Elsevier B.V. Publicador: Elsevier B.V.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica Formato: 260-265
ENG
Relevância na Pesquisa
56.21%
Multilayer thin films with perovskite structures were produced by the polymeric precursor method. SrTiO3/BaTiO3 (STO/BTO) multilayers were deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by the spin-coating technique and heated in air at 700 degreesC. The microstructure and crystalline phase of the multilayered thin films were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), resolution-high transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction. The SrTiO3/BaTiO3 multilayer thin films consisted of grainy structures with an approximate grain size of 60 nm. The multilayered thin films showed a very clear interface between the components. The SrTiO3/BaTiO3 multilayer thin films revealed dielectric constants of approximately 527 and loss tangents of 0.03 at 100 kHz. The dielectric constant calculated for this multilayer film system is the value of the sum of each individual component of the film, i.e. The total value of the sum of each SrTiO3 (STO) and BaTiO3 (BTO) layer. The multilayer SrTiO3/BaTiO3 obtained by the polymeric precursor method, also showed a ferroelectric behavior with a remanent polarization of 2.5 muC/cm(2) and a coercive field of 30 kV/cm. The multilayer films displayed good fatigue characteristics under bipolar stressing after application of 10(10) switching cycles. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

## The High Dielectric Constant of Staphylococcal Nuclease is Encoded in its Structural Architecture

Goh, Garrett B.; Bertrand, García-Moreno E.; Brooks, Charles L.
Fonte: PubMed Publicador: PubMed
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
46.5%
The pKa values of Lys-66, Glu-66 and Asp-66 buried in the interior of the staphylococcal nuclease Δ+PHS variant were reported to be shifted by as much as 5 pKa units from their normal values. Reproducing the pKa of these buried ionizable residues using continuum electrostatic calculations required the use of a high protein dielectric constant of 10 or higher. The apparent high dielectric constant has been rationalized as a consequence of a local structural reorganization or increased fluctuations in the microenvironment of the mutation site We have calculated the dielectric constant of Δ+PHS and the Lys-66, Asp-66 and Glu-66 mutants from first principles using the Kirkwood-Fröhlich equation, and discovered that staphylococcal nuclease has a naturally high dielectric constant ranging from 20 to 30. This high dielectric constant does not change significantly with the mutation of residue 66 or with the ionization of the mutated residues. Calculation of the spatial dependence of the dielectric constant for the microenvironment of residue-66 produces a value of about 10, which matches well with the apparent dielectric constant needed to reproduce pKa values from continuum electrostatic calculations. Our results suggest an alternative explanation that the high dielectric constant of staphylococcal nuclease is a property resulting from the intrinsic backbone fluctuations originating from its structural architecture.

## Enhanced dielectric constant resolution of thin insulating films by electrostatic force microscopy

Castellano-Hernández, Elena; Moreno-Llorena, Jaime; Sáenz Gutiérrez, Juan José; Sacha, Gómez Moñivas
Fonte: Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd. Publicador: Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
ENG
Relevância na Pesquisa
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This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 24.15 (2012) 10.1088/0953-8984/24/15/155303; Electrostatic Force Microscopy has been shown to be a useful tool to determine the dielectric constant of insulating films of nanometer thicknesses that play a key role in many electrical, optical and biological phenomena. Previous approaches make use of simple analytical formulae to analyse the experimental data for thin insulating films deposited directly on a metallic substrate. Here we show that the sensitivity of the EFM signal to changes in the dielectric constant of the thin film can be enhanced by using dielectric substrates with low dielectric constants. We present detailed numerical calculations of the tip-sample electrostatic interaction in the following set-up: the insulating thin film, a dielectric substrate (or spacing layer) of known low dielectric constant and a metallic electrode. The EFM sensitivity to the dielectric constant increases with the thickness of the spacing layer and saturates for thicknesses above 100-300 nm...

## Dielectric constant obtained from TDR and volumetric moisture of soils in southern Brazil

Kaiser,Douglas Rodrigo; Reinert,Dalvan José; Reichert,José Miguel; Minella,Jean Paollo Gomes
Fonte: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Publicador: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica Formato: text/html
Publicado em 01/06/2010 EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
46.37%
Soil moisture is the property which most greatly influences the soil dielectric constant, which is also influenced by soil mineralogy. The aim of this study was to determine mathematical models for soil moisture and the dielectric constant (Ka) for a Hapludalf, two clayey Hapludox and a very clayey Hapludox and test the reliability of universal models, such as those proposed by Topp and Ledieu and their co-workers in the 80's, and specific models to estimate soil moisture with a TDR. Soil samples were collected from the 0 to 0.30 m layer, sieved through a mesh of 0.002 m diameter and packed in PVC cylinders with a 0.1 m diameter and 0.3 m height. Seven samples of each soil class were saturated by capillarity and a probe composed of two rods was inserted in each one of them. Moisture readings began with the saturated soil and concluded when the soil was near permanent wilting point. In each step, the samples were weighed on a precision scale to calculate volumetric moisture. Linear and polynomial models were adjusted for each soil class and for all soils together between soil moisture and the dielectric constant. Accuracy of the models was evaluated by the coefficient of determination, the standard error of estimate and the 1:1 line. The models proposed by Topp and Ledieu and their co-workers were not adequate for estimating the moisture in the soil classes studied. The adjusted linear and polynomial models for the entire set of data of the four soil classes did not have sufficient accuracy for estimating soil moisture. The greater the soil clay and Fe oxide content...

## Analysis of the Dielectric Constant of Saline-Alkali Soils and the Effect on Radar Backscattering Coefficient: A Case Study of Soda Alkaline Saline Soils in Western Jilin Province Using RADARSAT-2 Data

Li, Yang-yang; Zhao, Kai; Ren, Jian-hua; Ding, Yan-ling; Wu, Li-li
Fonte: Hindawi Publishing Corporation Publicador: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
46.42%
Soil salinity is a global problem, especially in developing countries, which affects the environment and productivity of agriculture areas. Salt has a significant effect on the complex dielectric constant of wet soil. However, there is no suitable model to describe the variation in the backscattering coefficient due to changes in soil salinity content. The purpose of this paper is to use backscattering models to understand behaviors of the backscattering coefficient in saline soils based on the analysis of its dielectric constant. The effects of moisture and salinity on the dielectric constant by combined Dobson mixing model and seawater dielectric constant model are analyzed, and the backscattering coefficient is then simulated using the AIEM. Simultaneously, laboratory measurements were performed on ground samples. The frequency effect of the laboratory results was not the same as the simulated results. The frequency dependence of the ionic conductivity of an electrolyte solution is influenced by the ion's components. Finally, the simulated backscattering coefficients measured from the dielectric constant with the AIEM were analyzed using the extracted backscattering coefficient from the RADARSAT-2 image. The results show that RADARSAT-2 is potentially able to measure soil salinity; however...

## Estimating the dielectric constant of the channel protein and pore

Ng, Jin; Vora, Taira; Krishnamurthy, Vikram; Chung, Shin-Ho
Fonte: Springer Publicador: Springer
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
56.27%
When modelling biological ion channels using Brownian dynamics (BD) or Poisson-Nernst-Planck theory, the force encountered by permeant ions is calculated by solving Poisson's equation. Two free parameters needed to solve this equation are the dielectric c

## Thickness-dependent Dielectric Constant of Few-layer In2Se3 Nano-flakes

Wu, Di; Pak, Alexander J.; Liu, Yingnan; Zhou, Yu; Wu, Xiaoyu; Zhu, Yihan; Lin, Min; Han, Yu; Ren, Yuan; Peng, Hailin; Tsai, Yu-Hao; Hwang, Gyeong S.; Lai, Keji
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
46.42%
The dielectric constant or relative permittivity of a dielectric material, which describes how the net electric field in the medium is reduced with respect to the external field, is a parameter of critical importance for charging and screening in electronic devices. Such a fundamental material property is intimately related to not only the polarizability of individual atoms, but also the specific atomic arrangement in the crystal lattice. In this letter, we present both experimental and theoretical investigations on the dielectric constant of few-layer In2Se3 nano-flakes grown on mica substrates by van der Waals epitaxy. A nondestructive microwave impedance microscope is employed to simultaneously quantify the number of layers and local electrical properties. The measured dielectric constant increases monotonically as a function of the thickness and saturates to the bulk value at around 6 ~ 8 quintuple layers. The same trend of layer-dependent dielectric constant is also revealed by first-principle calculations. Our results of the dielectric response, being ubiquitously applicable to layered 2D semiconductors, are expected to be significant for this vibrant research field.; Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 1 table in Nano letters, 2015 ASAP

## Dependence of the dielectric constant of electrolyte solutions on ionic concentration

Gavish, Nir; Promislow, Keith
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
46.38%
We study the dependence of the static dielectric constant of aqueous electrolyte solutions upon the concentration of salt in the solution and temperature. The model takes into account the orientation of the solvent dipoles due to the electric field created by ions, the ionic response to an applied field, and the effect of thermal fluctuations. The analysis suggests that the formation of ion pairs by a small fraction of disassociated ions can have a significant effect on the static dielectric constant. The model predicts the dielectric has the functional dependence $\varepsilon(c)=\varepsilon_w-\beta L(3\alpha c/\beta)$ where $L$ is the Langevin function, $c$ is the salt concentration, $\varepsilon_w$ is the dielectric of the pure water, $\alpha$ is the total excess polarization of the ions and $\beta$ is the relative difference between the water dipole moment and the effective dipole moment of ion pairs as weighted by the density of ion pairs and their structural rigidity. The functional form gives an extremely accurate prediction of the dielectric constant for a variety of salts and a wide range of concentrations by fitting only the parameter $\beta$.

## Dielectric Constant and Charging Energy in Array of Touching Nanocrystals

Reich, K. V.; Shklovskii, B. I.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
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The dielectric constant of an array of nanocrystals (NCs) is important for many physical properties of the array, for example for the low temperature electron transport. Here we consider a periodic array of spherical NCs with dielectric constant $\varepsilon$ immersed in the medium with dielectric constant $\varepsilon_m$ and separated by spacing $s$ from each other. The standard way to estimate the dielectric constant of such array is to use the Maxwell-Garnet formula. This mean field approach fails when NCs are very close or touch each other ($s=0$). We show that in this case the dielectric constant of the array $\varepsilon_a = (\pi/2) \varepsilon_m \ln(\varepsilon/\varepsilon_m)$. On the other hand when NCs touch by small facets with radius $\rho$ what is equivalent $s<0$, we get $\varepsilon_a = 2\varepsilon (\rho/d)$, where $d$ is the NC diameter. We also also show that in this case the charging energy $E_c$ of a single NC in an array of touching NCs has a non-trivial relationship to $\varepsilon_a$, namely $E_c = \alpha e^2/\varepsilon_a d$, where $\alpha$ varies from 1.59 to 1.95 for studied three-dimensional lattices.

## Longitudinal wavevector- and frequency-dependent dielectric constant of the TIP4P water model

Omelyan, Igor P.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
46.38%
A computer adapted theory for self-consistent calculations of the wavevector- and frequency-dependent dielectric constant for interaction site models of polar systems is proposed. A longitudinal component of the dielectric constant is evaluated for the TIP4P water model in a very wide scale of wavenumbers and frequencies using molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that values for the dielectric permittivity, calculated within the exact interaction site description, differ in a characteristic way from those obtained by the point dipole approximation which is usually used in computer experiment. It is also shown that the libration oscillations, existing in the shape of longitudinal time-dependent polarization fluctuations at small and intermediate wavevector values, vanish however for bigger wavenumbers. A comparison between the wavevector and frequency behaviour of the dielectric constant for the TIP4P water and the Stockmayer model is made. The static screening of external charges and damping of longitudinal electric excitations in water are considered as well. A special investigation is devoted to the time dependence of dielectric quantities in the free motion regime.; Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures

## Origin of Large Dielectric Constant with Large Remnant Polarization and Evidence of Magnetoelectric Coupling in Multiferroic La modified BiFeO3-PbTiO3 Solid Solution

Singh, Anupinder; Chatterjee, Ratnamala; Mishra, S. K.; Krishna, P. S. R.; Chaplot, S. L.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
46.38%
The presence of superlattice reflections and detailed analyses of the powder neutron and x-ray diffraction data reveal that La rich (BF$_{0.50}$-LF$_{0.50}$)$_{0.50}$-(PT)$_{0.50}$ (BF-LF-PT) has ferroelectric rhombohedral crystal structure with space group \textit{$R3c$} at ambient conditions. The temperature dependence of lattice parameters, tilt angle, calculated polarization $(P_{s})$, volume, and integrated intensity of superlattice and magnetic reflections show an anomaly around 170 K. Impedance spectroscopy, dielectric and ac conductivity measurements were performed in temperature range $473K \leq T \leq 573K$ to probe the origin of large remnant polarization and frequency dependent broad transitions with large dielectric constant near $T_c^{FE}$. Results of impedance spectroscopy measurements clearly show contributions of both grain and grain boundaries throughout the frequency range ($10^{3}$ Hz$\leq f\leq 10^{7}$ Hz). It could be concluded that the grain boundaries are more resistive and capacitive as compared to the grains, resulting in inhomogeneities in the sample causing broad frequency dependent dielectric anomalies. Enhancement in dielectric constant and remnant polarization values are possibly due to space charge polarization caused by piling of charges at the interface of grains and grain boundaries. The imaginary parts of dielectric constant ($\epsilon^{\prime\prime}$) Vs frequency data were fitted using Maxwell-Wagner model at $T_c^{FE}(\sim 523$K) and model fits very well with the data up to $10^{5}$ Hz. Magnetodielectric measurements prove that the sample starts exhibiting magnetoelectric coupling at $\sim 170$ K...

## Role of the Dielectric Constants of Membrane Proteins and Channel Water in Ion Permeation

Bastug, Turgut; Kuyucak, Serdar
Fonte: Biophysical Society Publicador: Biophysical Society
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
56.16%
Using both analytical solutions obtained from simplified systems and numerical results from more realistic cases, we investigate the role played by the dielectric constant of membrane proteins εp and pore water εw in permeation of ions across channels.

## Determination of the effective dielectric constant from the accurate solution of the Poisson equation

Fonte: John Wiley & Sons Inc Publicador: John Wiley & Sons Inc
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.49%
Constant dielectric (CD) and distance-dependent dielectric (DDD) functions are the most popular and widespread in the Molecular Mechanism simulations of large molecular systems. In this article, we present a simple procedure to derive an effective dielectric constant, εout,eff, for these two methods based on numerical solutions of the Poisson equation. It was found that because of the very approximate of the CD and DDD models there is no universal εout,eff which will work equally well for all molecular systems. For example, different MD trajectories of the same molecule can produce different optimal εout,effs. The DDD function was found to yield better agreement with the numerical solutions of the Poisson equation than a CD model does. The reason is that a DDD function gives a better description of the electrostatic interactions short distances the atoms. Another interesting finding of this study is that under certain conditions εout,eff can take negative values for a system of two atoms at a limited distance range, However, in principle, there is nothing to prevent the εout,eff from taking negative values for specific conformations of some molecules.

## Energy of an ion crossing a low dielectric membrane: the role of dispersion self-free energy

Bostrom, Mathias Anders; Ninham, Barry
Fonte: Elsevier Publicador: Elsevier
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
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The Born charging equation predicts that the permeability of a cell membrane to ions by the solubility-diffusion mechanism depends on the ionic radius and on the dielectric constant of the membrane. However, experiments, for example, on red blood cells and on lysosome membranes, show that the permeability depends strongly on the choice of salt anion in a way that cannot be accommodated by differences in ionic size. We demonstrate that one step towards understanding this ion specificity is to take account of the previously ignored dispersion self-free energy of the ion. This is the quantum electrodynamic analogue of the (electrostatic) Born self-energy of an ion. We show that the dispersion self-free energy contribution can be and often is of the same order of magnitude as the Born contribution. To understand the observed specificity, it is essential to take into account of both ionic size and ionic polarizability. In parallel and to reinforce these observations, we also give simple estimates for how self-free energy changes that occur when an ion moves into the air-water interface region (which has a density profile for water molecules) can influence the surface tension of salt solutions. Consistency can be found between the Hofmeister sequences observed in ion permeation and in surface tension of electrolytes when these previously ignored self-free energies are included properly.