Página 1 dos resultados de 248 itens digitais encontrados em 0.113 segundos
- F1000Research
- University of Chicago Press
- World Bank, Washington, DC
- Washington, DC
- Instituto Universitário Europeu
- Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Direito
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research
- London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
- Prim@ Facie - Law, History and Politics; Prima Facie - Direito, História e Política
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba -UFPB
- Vniversitas
- Brazilian Political Science Review (Online)
- Mais Publicadores...
New forms of checks and balances are needed to improve research integrity
Fonte: F1000Research
Publicador: F1000Research
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Publicado em 28/05/2014
EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
66%
Recent attempts at replicating highly-cited peer-reviewed studies demonstrate that the “reproducibility crisis” is indeed upon us. However, punitive measures against individuals committing research misconduct are neither sufficient nor useful because this is a systemic issue stemming from a lack of positive incentive. As an alternative approach, here we propose a system of checks and balances for the publishing process that involves 1) technical review of methodology by publishers, and 2) incentivizing direct replication of key experimental results. Together, these actions will help restore the self-correcting nature of scientific discovery.
Link permanente para citações:
Judicial Checks and Balances
Fonte: University of Chicago Press
Publicador: University of Chicago Press
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.14%
In the Anglo‐American constitutional tradition, judicial checks and balances are often seen as crucial guarantees of freedom. Hayek distinguishes two ways in which the judiciary provides such checks and balances: judicial independence and constitutional review. We create a new database of constitutional rules in 71 countries that reflect these provisions. We find strong support for the proposition that both judicial independence and constitutional review are associated with greater freedom. Consistent with theory, judicial independence accounts for some of the positive effect of common‐law legal origin on measures of economic freedom. The results point to significant benefits of the Anglo‐American system of government for freedom.; Economics
Link permanente para citações:
Decentralization and the Provision of Public Services : Framework and Implementation
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Relevância na Pesquisa
55.85%
#ACCESS TO INFORMATION#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTING#ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS#ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY#ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL#ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS#ADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATION#ALLOCATION FUNCTION#ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES#ASSIGNMENT OF EXPENDITURE
This paper discusses decentralization
(administrative, fiscal and political) of government in
public service provision. It aims to facilitate
understanding among practitioners, policy makers, and
scholars about what decentralization entails in practice
compared to theory. A review of the empirical literature
and experience of decentralization is presented. The paper
highlights issues that policy makers in developing and
transitional countries should be aware of when reforming
government, considering their unique political and economic
environment. The author argues that decentralization
produces efficiency gains stemming from inter-jurisdictional
competition, enhanced checks and balances over the
government through voting at the subnational level, and
informational advantages due to proximity to citizens. By
contrast, arguments against decentralization include the
risk of an increased level of corruption, coordination
problems stemming from multiple layers of government, low
capacity of subnational government...
Link permanente para citações:
Beyond Legal Origin and Checks and Balances : Political Credibility, Citizen Information, and Financial Sector Development
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Relevância na Pesquisa
96.23%
#BALANCE SHEETS#BUREAUCRATIC QUALITY#CHECKS AND BALANCES#CIVIL LAW#COMMON LAW#COMPETITIVENESS#CORRUPTION#CREDIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT COMMITMENTS#CREDIBILITY OF GOVERNMENTS#DEMOCRACY#ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The existing literature emphasizes and
contrasts the role of political checks and balances and
legal origin in determining the pace of financial sector
development. This paper expands substantially on one aspect
of this debate: the fact that government actions that
promote financial sector development, whether prudent
financial regulation or secure property and contract rights,
are public goods and sensitive to political incentives to
provide public goods. Tests of hypotheses emanating from
this argument yield four new conclusions. First, two key
determinants of those incentives-the credibility of
pre-electoral political promises and citizen information
about politician decisions-systematically promote financial
sector development. Second, these political factors, along
with political checks and balances, operate in part through
their influence on the security of property rights, an
argument asserted but not previously tested. Third, contrary
to findings elsewhere in the literature, the political
determinants of financial sector development are significant
even in the presence of controls for legal origin. Finally...
Link permanente para citações:
Strengthening Local Governance : Defining the Role of Upazila and Union Parishads
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
55.85%
#ABUSES#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTING#ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY#ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITIES#ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY#APPROPRIATE CHECKS#ASSETS#AUTHORITY#BASIC SERVICES#BEST PRACTICE
This note focuses on the rural sector.
It takes as its starting point the premise that the Upazila
and the Union Parishads can jointly form the backbone of a
system of rural local governments in Bangladesh. The key
interventions required are to strengthen the Upazila as an
independent tier of government - especially relative to
national parliament - and to clarify the relationship
between the Upazilas and Union Parishads so that the two can
jointly work as one system of local government. In this
context, holding elections at Upazila level will be an
important step to take, but this action alone will not
result in a sustainable or effective system of local
governance. Upazilas require clarity on their functions and
their relations to Union Parishads, adequate untied
resources for which they can be held accountable and
appropriate checks and balances on their powers. There is a
broad social consensus for strengthening local governance in
Bangladesh. This is largely expressed as support for
strengthening the role of Upazila and Union Parishads...
Link permanente para citações:
Checks and Balances, Private Information, and the Credibility of Monetary Commitments
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
76.14%
#CENTRAL BANK#CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE#CENTRAL BANKS#COMPETITION POLICY#CPI#CURRENCY BOARD#DECISION MAKING#DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS#DEVALUATION#DEVELOPING COUNTRIES#DISCOUNT RATE
The authors develop and test several new
hypotheses about the anti-inflationary effect of central
bank independence and exchange rate pegs in the context of
different institutions and different degrees of citizen
information about government policies. Theory provides
strong reason to believe that while central bank
independence will prove more effective as a commitment
mechanism in countries where multiple players in government
have veto power (checks and balances), the number of veto
players will have no effect on the credibility of exchange
rate pegs. Conversely, the authors argue that central bank
independence does not solve the problems of commitment that
arise when citizens are imperfectly informed about the
contribution of government policy to inflation. Exchange
rate pegs, however, mitigate these problems. The authors
present extensive evidence from cross-country tests using
newly developed data that provide strong support for their propositions.
Link permanente para citações:
Global Survey on Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy : Oversight Frameworks and Practices in 114 Economies
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
55.85%
#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESSIBILITY#ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS#ADVERTISEMENT#ADVERTISEMENTS#AFFORDABILITY#AMOUNT OF LOANS#ANNUAL INCOME#ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE#ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATES#APPLICATION FORM
Financial consumer protection and
financial education policies, in conjunction with the
regulation of financial institutions and markets, need to
ensure safe access to financial services and support
financial stability and financial inclusion objectives.
Consumer protection and financial literacy can contribute to
improved efficiency, transparency, competition, and access
to retail financial markets by reducing information
asymmetries and power imbalances among providers and users
of financial services. Rapid progress toward widespread
financial inclusion must be appropriately complemented with
checks and balances that ensure a responsible provision of
financial services and products. A number of international
efforts are in place to improve dialogue and identify best
practices in financial consumer protection. To contribute to
the international dialogue on financial consumer protection
the World Bank in conjunction with Fin-CoNet, an
international cooperation platform for supervisory agencies
in the area of financial consumer protection...
Link permanente para citações:
Global Survey on Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy Results Brief : Regulatory Practices in 114 Economies
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
55.85%
#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ADVERTISEMENTS#ADVERTISING#AFFORDABILITY#ANNUAL INCOME#ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE#ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATES#APPLICATION FORM#APR#ASSET CLASS
Financial consumer protection and
financial education policies, in conjunction with the
regulation of financial institutions and markets, need to
ensure safe access to financial services and support
financial stability and financial inclusion objectives.
Consumer protection and financial literacy can contribute to
improved efficiency, transparency, competition, and access
to retail financial markets by reducing information
asymmetries and power imbalances among providers and users
of financial services. Rapid progress toward widespread
financial inclusion must be appropriately complemented with
checks and balances that ensure a responsible provision of
financial services and products. A number of international
efforts are in place to improve dialogue and identify best
practices in financial consumer protection. To contribute to
the international dialogue on financial consumer protection
the World Bank in conjunction with Fin-CoNet, an
international cooperation platform for supervisory agencies
in the area of financial consumer protection...
Link permanente para citações:
Keeping Government Secrecy Safe: Beyond Whack-a-Mole
Fonte: Instituto Universitário Europeu
Publicador: Instituto Universitário Europeu
Tipo: Outros
Formato: application/pdf; digital
EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
65.99%
#Secrecy#openness#leaking#national security#administrative rationale#European Union#internal security#checks and balances
The concept of secrecy as a mechanism for not providing government information, on the one hand, and the commitment to openness of government, on the other, reflect certain historical understandings of the relationship between a government, citizens, officials and information. Within democratic systems of government secrecy has been an essential ingredient irrespective of the existence or otherwise of a written Constitution (eg. US and the UK). The transparency ‘explosion’ of recent decades both in rhetoric and in law has been matched by a parallel growth in secrecy regulation and practice at all levels of government, including, in Europe, supranational government (the EU). Leaking has always had a symbiotic relationship with secrecy. What has changed in the information age is that (leaked) information can be shared right across the globe through the Internet in an unstoppable fashion (Wikileaks). This lecture focuses on the understudied phenomenon of government secrecy, its nature, structure, categories and its multiple layers. These are explored from the perspective of (representative) democracy and of constitutional law. The basic argument is that secrets can be protected more effectively and more legitimately if government secrecy is reduced overall. This will mean more ‘shallow’ (less deep) secrets...
Link permanente para citações:
When Do Special Interests Run Rampant? Disentangling the Role in Banking Crises of Elections, Incomplete Information, and Checks and Balances
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
76.14%
#Interest groups#Elections#Political decision making#Veto#Banking crises#Bank insolvency#Government role#Legislative oversight#Information dissemination#Checks & balances
The author investigates the political determinants of government decisions that benefit special interest groups - especially government decisions to deal with banking crises. He finds that the better informed the voters, the more proximate elections, and the larger the number of political veto players ( conditional on the costs to voters of relevant policy decision), the smaller the government's fiscal transfer are to the financial sector and the less likely the government is to exercise forbearance in dealing with insolvent financial institutions. The results suggest that policies that might be appropriate for mitigating banking crises in the United States might be less effective in settings where voters are less informed, where elections are less competitive, and where there are fewer veto players, because in these settings checks and balances are missing. These policies include: a) Disseminating information about the costs of inefficient government decisions. b) Improving the structure of legislative regulatory oversight. c) Intervening early in insolvent banks. The author concludes that the more veto players there are, the less likely policies are to favor special interest groups (contrary to previous views). Moreover, the closer the elections...
Link permanente para citações:
A garantia institucional do Ministério Público em função da proteção dos direitos humanos; The institutional guarantee of the public attorney´s office and the protection of human rights
Fonte: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Publicador: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Tipo: Tese de Doutorado
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 11/06/2010
PT
Relevância na Pesquisa
75.99%
#Constitution#Control of political power#Democracia#Democratic rule of law#Direitos humanos#Human rights#Institutional guarantee of independence#Ministério Público#Políticas públicas#Principle of a human being's dignity#Principle of checks and balances among state agencies
Esta tese volta-se à análise crítica da garantia institucional de independência do Ministério Público brasileiro sob dois aspectos: de um lado, a sua independência em relação às esferas organizacionais dos poderes clássicos do Estado; e, de outro, os limites da independência funcional que visa a assegurar, para os seus membros, o livre desenvolvimento das funções institucionais. Sob o influxo do processo de reconhecimento universal dos direitos humanos a partir da Declaração de 1948, o valor da dignidade da pessoa humana representa o fundamento central do Estado Democrático de Direito da Constituição Federal de 1988, constituindo a fonte jurídica do vasto conjunto de direitos fundamentais dela constante. A proteção dos direitos fundamentais da pessoa humana é indissociável de um regime político democrático, que não pode prescindir de um sistema eficaz de controle do exercício do poder político para a persecução de tal desiderato. Daí a importância da efetividade dos mecanismos de controle recíproco entre os órgãos estatais, no comando do princípio fundamental projetado por Montesquieu que, atualmente, não mais se reduz à formula tríplice de distribuição das funções legislativa, executiva e judicial. É nesse contexto que se pretende introduzir a análise da garantia institucional de independência do Ministério Público...
Link permanente para citações:
The separation of powers, the Constitutional Court and the “Judicialization of Politics”; A separação de poderes, o Tribunal Constitucional e a "judicialização da política"
Fonte: Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Direito
Publicador: Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Direito
Tipo: info:eu-repo/semantics/article; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion; ;
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 01/01/2008
POR
Relevância na Pesquisa
76.23%
#Separation of powers doctrine#Checks and balances#Performance of powers on the other powers sphere#Interrelation of functions#Judicialization of politics.#Teoria da separação dos poderes#Não-rigidez#Atividade preferencial#Checks and balances#Atuação dos poderes sobre outros poderes#“Entre-cruzar” de funções
To consider the Constitutional Court as a participant of the political process requires, first of all, the study of the separation of powers doctrine. Montesquieu developed the “recipe of the political art”, without ever intending a scientific classification of the State’s functions. Even with the provision of the veto, he did not lost, however, the mark of an apologist of the exclusive separation of powers. Certainly it is a consequence of the insertion of this principle as a “constitutional formula” in a large amount of constitutions published in revolutionary ages. A remark about the rigidity of this system is necessary. If, in a first moment, the rigidity is an absolute character, on can easily note that this principle concerns the preferential and main activity of this power. This character is highlighted because state powers perform functions that, in principle, were not their attributions, evidenced by the checks and balances doctrine. Some specific developments in the performance of power spheres in the other performance of power spheres were made. In this real interrelation of functions, a series of facts happened, specially the judicialization of politics, and politization of justice. Focusing the analysis in the first one...
Link permanente para citações:
Private investment and political institutions
Fonte: London School of Economics and Political Science Research
Publicador: London School of Economics and Political Science Research
Tipo: Article; PeerReviewed
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em //2002
EN; EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
55.99%
Recent research has demonstrated a negative link between macroeconomic and political uncertainty and levels of private investment across countries. This raises the question whether certain types of government institutions might help reduce this uncertainty. North and Weingast (1989) propose that political institutions characterized by checks and balances can have beneficial effects on investment by allowing governments to credibly commit not to engage in ex post opportunism with respect to investors. In this paper I develop and test a modified version of their hypothesis, suggesting that checks and balances, on average, improve possibilities for commitment, but that they are not a necessary condition for doing so. Results of heteroskedastic regression and quantile regression estimates strongly support this proposition.
Link permanente para citações:
Sovereign risk and financial crisis: the international political economy of the Euro area sovereign debt crisis
Fonte: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Publicador: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Tipo: Thesis; NonPeerReviewed
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em //2013
EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
65.71%
For decades, scholars, investors and policymakers treated sovereign default risk as a defining feature of emerging market economies. Recently, sovereign risk has re‐emerged as an empirical issue for advanced economies, raising new questions for academic research. This thesis investigates the link between political economy factors and financial market perceptions of sovereign risk during the Euro area debt crisis, representing one of the timeliest academic analyses of this episode. It combines an innovative international political economy framework applicable to developed democracies with in‐depth analysis of government bond market fluctuations during the Greek and Irish sovereign debt crises. The thesis argues that political factors influence sovereign risk premia in developed democracies, particularly in crisis periods. This is in contrast to the dominant claim that politics has no or little direct impact on government bond yields in advanced economies. Specifically, it highlights the importance of the domestic political system, finding a role for socio‐political contestation and its interaction with institutional checks and balances. Moreover, it expands the analysis to the international sphere, integrating the so far mostly separate analyses of the domestic and international sources of sovereign credibility. Specifically...
Link permanente para citações:
The causes and consequences of IMF interventions in the Southern Cone.
Fonte: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Publicador: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Tipo: Thesis; NonPeerReviewed
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em /12/2012
EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
65.71%
The International Monetary Fund has often been accused of adopting a one-size-fits-all approach to the resolution of financial crises. However, its programs present substantial
differences in terms of their relative size and conditionality among other characteristics.
This dissertation examines the causes and consequences of this variation through the
lenses of two cases in which the contrast between the Fund´s interventions was
particularly marked: Argentina and Uruguay during the period that surrounds the
financial crash of 2001-02.
The first part of this study analyses the determinants of these multilateral interventions
through an adaptation of Robert Puntam´s two level games, exploring the way in which
national politics interacted with international priorities to produce distinct outcomes in
Argentina and Uruguay. The two experiences confirm that domestic ratification
processes impose significant constraints on the negotiation of IMF programs, potentially
conferring localized bargaining advantages to borrowing governments. Beyond a certain
point, however, an intensification of these ratification constraints can result in a
suspension of the Fund´s support, after which borrowers´ bargaining position weakens
dramatically. That this point of rupture was reached in Argentina but not in Uruguay
was due primarily to the different propensity to cooperate exhibited by political actors
in these two countries...
Link permanente para citações:
Governing Parties and Southern Internationalism: a neoclassical realist approach to the foreign policies of South Africa and Brazil, 1999-2010
Fonte: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Publicador: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Tipo: Thesis; NonPeerReviewed
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em /09/2011
EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
65.71%
The international relations literature on internationalism in foreign policy has not
taken account of the internationalist methods and motives of countries of the
developing world. This thesis aims to correct this absence through an analysis of
Southern internationalism, as evidenced by the foreign policy approaches of South
Africa and Brazil in the first decade of the 21st century. By utilising a neoclassical
realist approach to the study of the emergence of new powers, the use of
internationalism as a foreign policy tool is interrogated as a response both to
domestic imperatives, such as perception and identity, and systemic constraints and
opportunities. Central to the analysis is an examination of the role of governing
parties in foreign policymaking, both as key actors in determining policy, and as the
sources of ideational constructs, in this case ‘internationalism’, that have a bearing
on foreign policy.
Foreign policymakers are limited in their perceptions and responses to external
threats and opportunities by the domestic institutional structure, as well as by
external threats and opportunities. In South Africa, responses are often limited to
rhetoric, owing to limited resource extraction capacity...
Link permanente para citações:
Constitutionalism and Checks and Balances: Theory and Empirical Research; Constitucionalismo e Checks and Balances: Teoria e Pesquisa Empírica
Fonte: Prim@ Facie - Law, History and Politics; Prima Facie - Direito, História e Política
Publicador: Prim@ Facie - Law, History and Politics; Prima Facie - Direito, História e Política
Tipo: info:eu-repo/semantics/article; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion; ; Teoria e pesquisa empírica
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 15/09/2012
POR
Relevância na Pesquisa
76.23%
#Ciência Política#Constitucionalismo#Judicialização#Constitucionalismo#Ciência Política#teoria democrática#340
This article aims to present and discuss the main empirical research on Constitutionalism and Checks and Balances. The article is divided as follows: the first part will focus on the trajectory of the concept of constitutionalism, beginning with a brief historical explanation, using some classical authors in order to better situate the main concepts that are addressed in this article. The second part treats the constitution as an institution built to last, addressing the various factors that impact on the longevity of the Constitution. The third part refers to strengthening the judiciary and its implications for the democratic quality, as this works as a mechanism for strengthening and balance of powers. Finally some conclusions of the article; Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir as principais pesquisas empíricas sobre Constitucionalismo e Checks and Balances. O artigo está dividido da seguinte forma: a primeira parte versará sobre a trajetória do conceito de constitucionalismo, partindo de uma breve explanação histórica, recorrendo a alguns autores clássicos, a fim de melhor situar os principais conceitos que serão abordados neste artigo. A segunda parte tratará da constituição como instituição feita para durar...
Link permanente para citações:
Constitutionalism and Checks and Balances: theory and empirical research; Constitucionalismo y controles y equilibrios: la teoría y la investigación empírica; Constitucionalismo e Checks and Balances: teoria e pesquisa empírica [doi: 10.7443/problemata.v4i1.13223]
Fonte: Universidade Federal da Paraíba -UFPB
Publicador: Universidade Federal da Paraíba -UFPB
Tipo: info:eu-repo/semantics/article; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion; ; ; ;
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 12/06/2013
POR
Relevância na Pesquisa
96.29%
#Ciência Política#Constitucionalismo#Judicialização#constitucionalismo#teoria democrática#Checks and Balances.#Teoria da democracia
The freedom in the modern state is backed by law, the fulfillment of what isprovided by law is that it provides direct security to citizens and gives confidence to the States. The institution of the national constitution is central in this discussion,given that this is the law made to last, functioning as a mechanism of checks and balances. This article addresses this issue through a theoretical and empiricalflyby, bringing to discuss issues and concepts fundamental to the understanding of contemporary democratic theory.; La libertad en el Estado moderno está respaldado por la ley, el cumplimiento de lo dispuesto por la ley es que proporciona una seguridad directa a los ciudadanos yda confianza a los Estados. La institución de la constitución nacional es central en esta discusión, dado que esta es la ley hecha para durar, que funciona como un mecanismo de frenos y contrapesos. En este artículo se aborda esta cuestión a través de un sobrevuelo teórico y empírico...
Link permanente para citações:
INGENIERÍA CONSTITUCIONAL LA EVOLUCIÓN DEL CHECKS AND BALANCES EN EL ESTADO SOCIAL DE DERECHO
Fonte: Vniversitas
Publicador: Vniversitas
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Formato: text/html
Publicado em 01/06/2013
ES
Relevância na Pesquisa
96.29%
#checks and balances#Estado de derecho#Estado social de derecho#Constitución Política#Separación de poderes#estado de derecho#estado social de derecho#validez (derecho)
La separación de poderes y el checks and balances son considerados como elementos esenciales del Estado de derecho moderno, presupuesto sin el cual no podemos siquiera considerar la existencia de una Constitución. Pero en la actualidad no solo le exigimos al Estado una abstención en su actuar, sino que con frecuencia resulta necesaria una realización positiva del establecimiento público, en virtud de la cual se dé la consecución efectiva de los derechos. En el presente artículo se pretende buscar la armonía entre el Estado social de derecho y la figura de la separación de poderes y el checks and balances, procurando un entendimiento compatible entre la forma, razón y significado -en constante evolución-, que debe dársele a las figuras que limitan el poder; de tal manera que estos sean compatibles con la necesidad de un actuar positivo por parte del Estado. Concluye este artículo con la idea de que el valor de la separación de poderes y del checks and balances es un Deus ex machina, ya que la importancia de la figura no surge de un diseño abstracto, sino de la estructuración funcional de los elementos que integran la organización estatal en virtud de la cual se construye una maquinaria constitucional efectiva, reflejándose en una organización eficiente para la realización del Estado social de derecho.
Link permanente para citações:
Strong presidents, robust democracies? Separation of powers and rule of law in Latin America
Fonte: Brazilian Political Science Review (Online)
Publicador: Brazilian Political Science Review (Online)
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Formato: text/html
Publicado em 01/01/2009
EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
76.14%
The received wisdom on Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s was that countries where presidents enjoyed strong constitutional powers and where multiparty coalitions prevailed would be doomed to instability and institutional crises, while countries boasting weak presidents and strong parties were expected to consolidate democratic rule. After almost two decades, it is now widely acknowledged that this prediction failed. Recent re-conceptualizations of presidentialism have partly corrected the flaws in the established diagnosis but left unexplained the role of checks and balances and of the rule of law in containing presidential abuse and guaranteeing governability. The paper argues that the key to solving the paradox of strong presidents and robust democracies is that democratic stability in Latin American countries is a function of an extended system of checks and balances. These are ultimately generated by power fragmentation at the time of the constitutional choices over their institutional design and political competition sustaining their effective functioning.
Link permanente para citações: