Página 1 dos resultados de 2273 itens digitais encontrados em 0.012 segundos
- Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
- Fundação Getúlio Vargas
- ISEG - Departamento de Economia
- Instituto de Economa da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Banco Mundial
- World Bank, Washington, DC
- Universidade Nacional da Austrália
- Washington, DC
- Blackwell Publishing Ltd
- Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes
- South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences
- Mais Publicadores...
Competitividade internacional das exportações brasileiras de manga e de uva; International competitiveness of brazilian exports of mangoes and grapes
Fonte: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Publicador: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Tipo: Dissertação de Mestrado
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 29/05/2008
PT
Relevância na Pesquisa
46.37%
#Comércio exterior#Competição econômica#Competitiveness#Constant Market Share#Exportação#Exports#Grapes#Manga#Mangoes#Revealed Comparative Advantage.#Uva
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a competitividade das exportações brasileiras de manga e de uva no mercado internacional no período de 1989 a 2005. Para tanto, utilizou-se o modelo de Constant Market Share (CMS) e o modelo de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (VCR) para evidenciar os principais fatores responsáveis pela rápida expansão das exportações nacionais para esses dois produtos, além de realizar uma análise comparativa entre as duas culturas selecionadas. O primeiro modelo busca analisar as causas de variação da quantidade (ou valor) exportada de um produto pelo país em questão em relação ao tempo, gerando três dimensões explicativas para a variação das exportações: o efeito dimensão, o efeito distribuição e o efeito competitividade. O efeito dimensão mostra como o crescimento das exportações mundiais afetou o crescimento das exportações do país analisado. O efeito distribuição refere-se às exportações para países de maior ou menor dinamismo. Por resíduo, descontando-se os demais efeitos temos o termo competitividade.Para a geração dos resultados foi necessária a sub-divisão do período de análise em três grupos trienais: 1989/1990/1991, 1994/1995/1996 e 2003/2004/2005.O modelo de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada parte do pressuposto de que o país em questão tende a se especializar nas exportações de produtos que ofereçam vantagens competitivas. Para tanto...
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Comparative advantage, heterogeneous firms and variable mark-ups
Fonte: Fundação Getúlio Vargas
Publicador: Fundação Getúlio Vargas
Tipo: Dissertação
EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.29%
#International Trade#Comparative Advantage#Heterogeneous Firms#Variables Mark-ups#Comércio internacional#Vantagem comparativa (Comércio)
We develop a model of comparative advantage with monopolistic competition, that incorporates heterogeneous firms and endogenous mark-ups. We analyse how these features vary across countries with different factor endowments, and across markets of different size. In this model we can obtain trade gains via two channels. First, when we open the economy, most productive firms start to export their product, then, they demand more producing factors and wages rises, thus, those firms that are less productive will be forced to stop to produce. Second channel is via endogenous mark-ups, when we open the economy, the competition gets ``tougher', then, mark-ups falls, thus, those firms that are less productive will stop to produce. We also show that comparative advantage works as a ``third channel' of trade gains, because, all trade gains results are magnified in comparative advantage industry of both countries. We also make a numerical exercise to see how endogenous variables of the model vary when trade costs fall.
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Intra-Industry Trade and Revealed Comparative Advantage: An Inverted-URelationship
Fonte: ISEG - Departamento de Economia
Publicador: ISEG - Departamento de Economia
Tipo: Outros
Publicado em //2008
ENG
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.14%
#intra-industry trade#horizontal intra-industry trade#vertical intra-industry trade#comparative advantage
This paper investigates the relationship between all types of intra-industry trade (IIT) and comparative advantage. The paper finds strong evidence of an inverted-U relationship.The results also suggest that relative autarky costs is a common determinant for any type of IIT, which contradicts the prediction made by theory for separating the determinants of horizontal and vertical IIT.
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Comparative advantage, economic growth and free trade
Fonte: Instituto de Economa da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Publicador: Instituto de Economa da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Formato: text/html
Publicado em 01/08/2005
EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.29%
The paper has two objectives. The first is to discuss whether developing countries can benefit by specializing according to their comparative advantage. The second objective is to discuss if an economy that adopts a free market policy, will in effect achieve greater economic efficiency. The author concludes that specialization according to comparative advantage would indeed benefit a country. He also argues that in an economy ruled by free competition and without governmental interference, market signals and forces are not by themselves sufficient to provide the necessary incentives to producers so that they fully use the available resources, and produce and trade according to comparative advantage.
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Growth Identification and Facilitation : The Role of the State in the Dynamics of Structural Change
Fonte: Banco Mundial
Publicador: Banco Mundial
Relevância na Pesquisa
46.31%
#ADVANCED COUNTRIES#ADVANCED ECONOMIES#AGGREGATE LEVEL#AGRICULTURE#BENCHMARK#BINDING CONSTRAINTS#BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT#CAPITAL ACCUMULATION#CAPITAL GOODS#CAPITAL INTENSITY#CAPITAL INVESTMENT
Active economic policies by developing
countries governments to promote growth and
industrialization have generally been viewed with suspicion
by economists, and for good reasons: past experiences show
that such policies have too often failed to achieve their
stated objectives. But the historical record also indicates
that in all successful economies, the state has always
played an important role in facilitating structural change
and helping the private sector sustain it across time. This
paper proposes a new approach to help policymakers in
developing countries identify those industries that may hold
latent comparative advantage. It also recommends ways of
removing binding constraints to facilitate private firms
entry into those industries. The paper introduces an
important distinction between two types of government
interventions. First are policies that facilitate structural
change by overcoming information and coordination and
externality issues, which are intrinsic to industrial
upgrading and diversification. Such interventions aim to
provide information...
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Time as a Determinant of Comparative Advantage
Fonte: Banco Mundial
Publicador: Banco Mundial
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.18%
#ADVERSE EFFECTS#AGGREGATE TRADE#AGGREGATE TRADE FLOWS#AGRICULTURE#AIR#AIR TRANSPORT#AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR#BILATERAL TRADE#BORDER TRADE#CAPITAL INVESTMENTS#CAPITAL STOCK
It is assumed that added time to export
adds cost to and lowers the volume of trade. Time delays may
also affect the composition of trade and can
disproportionately reduce trade in time-sensitive goods.
This paper investigates the validity of these propositions
using the World Bank Doing Business database and Enterprise
Surveys for 64 developing countries. The authors find that
in countries where there is longer time needed to export
firms in time-sensitive industries are less likely to become
exporters. Moreover, firms that do export have lower export
intensities. Their findings imply that time to export is a
significant determinant of comparative advantage. For
example, consider two industries that have the same export
probability and intensity - but differ in time-sensitivity
by one standard deviation. Action taken to cut time to
export by 50 percent for one industry opens a 6 percentage
point difference between the export probabilities of the two
industries. In addition, steps to cut time delays increase
export intensities by 1.9 percentage points. This impact
applies to industries with different productivity levels --
and those in developing countries with different income levels.
Link permanente para citações:
Comparative Advantage, International Trade, and Fertility
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.38%
#ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE#ACCOUNTING#AGRICULTURE#AVERAGE WAGES#BABY#BABY BOOM#BARGAINING#BARGAINING POWER#BILATERAL TRADE#BUSINESS CYCLE#CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
This paper analyzes theoretically and
empirically the impact of comparative advantage in
international trade on fertility. It builds a model in which
industries differ in the extent to which they use female
relative to male labor and countries are characterized by
Ricardian comparative advantage in either female labor or
male labor intensive goods. The main prediction of the model
is that countries with comparative advantage in female labor
intensive goods are characterized by lower fertility. This
is because female wages and therefore the opportunity cost
of children are higher in those countries. The paper
demonstrates empirically that countries with comparative
advantage in industries employing primarily women exhibit
lower fertility. The analysis uses a geography-based
instrument for trade patterns to isolate the causal effect
of comparative advantage on fertility.
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Finance, Comparative Advantage, and Resource Allocation
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.14%
#ALLOCATION OF CAPITAL#BANK CREDIT#BANK CREDITS#BANK LENDING#BANKING SECTOR#BANKING SYSTEM#BANKRUPTCY#BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURE#BANKS#BILATERAL TRADE#BONDS
The authors show that exported products
exit the US market sooner if they violate the
Heckscher-Ohlin notion of comparative advantage. Crucially,
this pattern is stronger when exporting country has a
well-developed banking system, measured by a high ratio of
bank credit over the GDP. Banks thus push firms away from
exports that are facing an uphill battle on a competitive
foreign market due to a suboptimal use of the domestic
factor endowment. The results imply a disciplining role for
bank credit in terminating inefficient trade flows. This
constitutes a new channel through which finance improves
resource allocation in the real economy.
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Regional comparative advantage in grain production in China
Fonte: Universidade Nacional da Austrália
Publicador: Universidade Nacional da Austrália
Tipo: Working/Technical Paper
Formato: 449698 bytes; 352 bytes; application/pdf; application/octet-stream
EN_AU
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.23%
Since the end of 1996, Chinese agriculture has produced a surplus of many major products, which has led to sharp decreases in farm prices and the stagnation of farmers’ income. To deal with these problems, the Chinese government has called for a ‘strategic adjustment’ in the structures of agriculture and the rural economy. The goals of this strategic adjustment are to meet changing market demands and increase farmers’ incomes by improving efficiency in resource allocation among regions and sub-sectors, and by increasing the variety and improving the quality of farm product. A major component of the strategic adjustment is the restructuring of the grain sector, which still accounts for a lion’s share of the crops sector in general. Re-allocation of the production of each major grain crop among the regions on the basis of regional comparative advantage is likely to increase average yields and decrease average costs. Thus, improved efficiency in resource allocation will bring about increases in farmers’ incomes. Also, since competition in the world commodity market is largely based on price, any significant reduction in China’s grain production costs will improve its position in the world grain market. It is widely agreed that years of government intervention and underdeveloped infrastructure have prevented regional comparative advantages in the grain sector from being realised. For the same reasons...
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Gender, comparative advantage and labour market activity in immigrant families
Fonte: Universidade Nacional da Austrália
Publicador: Universidade Nacional da Austrália
Tipo: Working/Technical Paper
Formato: 201801 bytes; application/pdf
EN_AU
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.33%
The family investment hypothesis predicts that credit-constrained immigrant families adopt a household strategy for financing post-migration human capital investment in which the partner with labor market comparative advantage engages in investment activities and the other partner undertakes labor market activities which finance current consumption. We assess this hypothesis by focusing on two issues: first, the extent to which the specialization in the investing versus financing role is based on comparative advantage versus gender, and second, the extent to which credit constraints offer a potential explanation for observed behaviour. Using a unique new Australian data set we find that comparative advantage and gender can be separately identified in migrating families. We find some support for the family investment hypothesis among traditional families (where labor market comparative advantage resides with the male partner) but not among non-traditional families.; no
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An Alternative Approach to Measure Regional Comparative Advantage in China's Grain Sector
Fonte: Universidade Nacional da Austrália
Publicador: Universidade Nacional da Austrália
Tipo: Working/Technical Paper
Formato: 69103 bytes; application/pdf
EN_AU
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.29%
This study uses Domestic Resource Costs (DRC) as the bases in measuring regional comparative advantage in grain production in China. It reveals that China as a whole is likely to have strong comparative advantage in Japonica rice, sorghum, middle Indica rice, millet, and late Indica rice production. However, at the regional and provincial level the comparative advantage in production of major grain crops varies significantly across China. This result implies that there exists great potential to improve resource allocation and to increase grain production through restructuring of the grain sector.; no
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Patterns of Domestic Grain Flows and Regional Comparative Advantage in Grain Production in China
Fonte: Universidade Nacional da Austrália
Publicador: Universidade Nacional da Austrália
Tipo: Working/Technical Paper
Formato: 45898 bytes; application/pdf
EN_AU
Relevância na Pesquisa
46.33%
Regional grain flows in China have been expanding with the growth of grain production and the development of grain markets. However, is the current pattern of regional grain flows consistent with regional comparative advantage in grain production in China? This paper examines this question by using a binomial logit model with a discrete dependent variable of provincial net grain flows, and the independent variables of regional comparative advantage indicators and other factors affecting the supply and demand in grain markets. The study reveals that the current pattern of China's regional grain flows is consistent with the regional comparative advantage in grain production, measured by the comparative advantage indicators of Domestic Resource Costs Coefficient (DRCC) and Net Social Profitability (NSP). However, the Efficiency Advantage Indices (EAI), measured by relative grain yield, and the Scale Advantage Indices (SAI), measured by relative grain sown area, are not statistically significant determinants of the observed pattern of regional grain flows in China. This implies that government intervention in grain production is still an obstacle for the Chinese farmers to optimise their grain production mix.; no
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Regional Comparative Advantage in China's Main Grain Crops
Fonte: Universidade Nacional da Austrália
Publicador: Universidade Nacional da Austrália
Tipo: Working/Technical Paper
Formato: 51551 bytes; application/pdf
EN_AU
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.36%
#China#regional comparative advantage#grain crops#grain production#Chinese agriculture#resource costs
This paper explores the regional comparative advantage in grain production in China directly according to production and associated costs. Two groups of indicators are used in the study. The first group of indicators includes Net Social Profitability (NSP) and Domestic Resource Costs (DRC), both measuring the net social welfare gained from one production activity against its opportunity costs at border prices. The second group of indicators includes Efficiency Advantage Indices (EAI), Scale Advantage Indices (SAI) and Aggregated Advantage Indices (AAI), which measuring relative yield and scale advantages in a region. The study reveals that the comparative advantage in main grain crops varies significantly across China. It implies that there exists great potential to improve resource allocation and to increase grain production through restructuring of the grain sector. The study also indicates that China is able to compete in the world market even if it as a whole has comparative disadvantage in producing some crops, as some of its provinces may still have comparative advantage in those crops. This implies that detailed analyses at provincial level are needed in projecting China's grain trade flow in the future.; no
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Shifting Comparative Advantages : Implications for Growth Strategy
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper; Publications & Research
ENGLISH; EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
56.32%
#ACCESS TO MARKET#ACCESS TO MARKETS#ACCESSIBILITY#ADVERSE IMPACT#AFFILIATE#AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES#AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION#AGRICULTURE#AIR#AIR TRANSPORT
The future development of the Tajik
economy will be shaped by its comparative advantage on world
markets. Exploiting comparative advantage enables an economy
to reap gains from trade. Tajikistan's most important
comparative advantage is its hydropower potential, which is
far larger than the economy's domestic requirements.
Yet, high capital costs of building hydropower plants and
the unstable geopolitical situation in the transit region to
reach South Asian export markets are constraining the
realization of this potential. In the short term, the
sector, which provides the greatest opportunity for
Tajikistan to diversify its exports, appears to be
agro-industry and, to a lesser extent, clothing. For both
sectors, the main export market is likely to be the regional
market. Tajikistan also has a comparative advantage in labor
exports, which it has successfully exploited since the
mid-2000s. To harness the full potential for labor exports
will require improving the skills base of migrant workers
and, in particular...
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Revealed Comparative Advantage of Pakistan's Agricultural Exports
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Other Agricultural Study; Economic & Sector Work
ENGLISH; EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.42%
#ABATTOIRS#AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES#AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS#AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS#AGRICULTURE#AGRONOMIC PRACTICES#ANIMAL#ANIMAL BREEDS#ANIMAL HEALTH#ANIMALS
Pakistan is widely believed to be
underperforming as far as its agricultural export potential
is concerned. However, analyses to support this allegation
are very few, in part due to the lack of easily accessible
data. In this paper provide the first necessary step in the
analysis of Pakistan's comparative advantage in
agricultural export markets. However, little or no analysis
has been done that sheds some more light on this issue, in
the sense of better specifying in which commodities and
which markets Pakistan's comparative advantage is
strongest. This paper attempts to start filling that void
by quantifying the degree of comparative advantage of
Pakistan agricultural export products in major overseas
markets. This quantification is a necessary first step in
getting a better handle on the factors that may limit the
extent to which Pakistan is able to enter markets where it
has a comparative advantage. Expansion of Pakistan's
share in overseas export markets is crucial for further
development of the country's agricultural sector. The
main objective of the paper is to identify products where
Pakistan has demonstrated comparative advantage...
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How Many Dimensions Do We Trade In? Product Space Geometry and Latent Comparative Advantage
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper; Publications & Research
ENGLISH; EN_US
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.35%
#APPAREL#AVERAGE PRICE#BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT#BUSINESS INDICATOR#CAPITAL PER WORKER#CAPITAL STOCK#CLASSICAL TRADE THEORY#COMMODITIES#COMMODITY#COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE#COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES
This paper proposes a new quantitative
implementation of Balassa's idea that export
composition and revealed comparative advantage inform the
relationship between endowments in domestic factors of
production and exports. It proposes that the export
composition of countries is close to a low-dimensional
manifold or "Product Space" within the space of
export composition, which has as many dimensions as product
lines. The Product Space corresponds to a few latent
endowments explaining the structure of the trade matrix. The
model uses non-linear techniques to identify the product
space from the 2010 export matrix of 128 countries and 61
products, and to estimate the latent factors of endowments
by country. It formalizes a concept of latent comparative
advantage, which has practical country specific
applications, relevant for "trade competitiveness"
policies. Compared with classical revealed comparative
advantage, the model assesses how well countries are
matching their potential implied by the latent variables...
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Comparative Advantage, Demand for External Finance, and Financial Development
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper; Publications & Research
ENGLISH
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.23%
#ACTUAL VALUE#AGGREGATE TRADE#BILATERAL TRADE#BILATERAL TRADE DATA#CD#CLOSED ECONOMY#COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE#CREDIT MARKETS#DEBT#DOMESTIC MARKET#EQUILIBRIUM
The differences in the levels of financial development between industrial and developing countries are large and persistent. Theoretical and empirical literature has argued that these differences are the source of comparative advantage and could therefore shape trade patterns. This paper points out the reverse link: financial development is influenced by comparative advantage. The authors illustrate this idea using a model in which a country's financial development is an equilibrium outcome of the economy's productive structure: financial systems are more developed in countries with large financially intensive sectors. After trade opening demand for external finance, and therefore financial development, are higher in a country that specializes in financially intensive goods. By contrast, financial development is lower in countries that primarily export goods which do not rely on external finance. The authors demonstrate this effect empirically using data on financial development and export patterns in a panel of 96 countries over the period 1970-99. Using trade data, they construct a summary measure of a country's external finance need of exports and relate it to the level of financial development. In order to overcome the simultaneity problem...
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Productivity and Comparative Advantage in Rice Agriculture in Southeast Asia
Fonte: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Publicador: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.14%
#Keywords: agricultural performance#comparative advantage#historical perspective#nineteenth century#productivity#rice#twentieth century#Asia#Eastern Hemisphere#Eurasia#Southeast Asia
Rice long dominated the agricultural economies of South-East Asia. Given the economic predominance of agriculture, the development of rice production had a significant bearing on the economies in the region. This article explains why the countries of mainland South-East Asia long dominated the international rice market. It quantifies labor productivity in rice production and argues that simple, low-cost and labor-extensive, but low-yielding production technology allowed farmers in mainland South-East Asia to achieve significantly higher levels of labor productivity than in the more densely populated rice-producing areas in South-East Asia and Japan. High levels of labor productivity were a major source of comparative advantage in rice production for Burma, Thailand and Southern Vietnam.
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Determinants of competitiveness in a tourism market: a study of comparative advantage in Águas de São Pedro - SP; Determinantes da competitividade no mercado turístico: estudo da vantagem comparativa em Águas de São Pedro - SP
Fonte: Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes
Publicador: Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes
Tipo: info:eu-repo/semantics/article; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion; ; ; ; ; ;
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 13/11/2004
POR
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.14%
#destinações turísticas#competitividade#vantagem comparativa#sustentabilidade#diferenciação.#tourist destinations#competitiveness#comparative advantage#sustainability#differentiation.
The development of tourism in the past decades and the new destinations and tourist products created for more demanding customers increased the competition between destinations in the tourism market. Based on the principies of sustainable tourism, this research intends to identify how the comparative advantage of Águas de São Pedro, in São Paulo State, known for its attractions, influences its competitiveness. After having revised available literature on competitiveness and sustainability of tourist destinations, the model found to be most appropriate was applied to Águas de São Pedro, chosen due to its unique attributes as to its air quality and mineral waters, as well as due to its high social rating. Results revealed that tourists perceive the destinations' unique attributes. They also indicated the necessity of exploring those attributes based on sustainable principies, in order to become more competitive.; O crescimento do turismo nas últimas décadas e a criação de novos destinos e produtos para uma demanda mais exigente acirraram a concorrência das destinações no mercado turístico. Baseando-se nos princípios da sustentabilidade, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar se a vantagem comparativa de Águas de São Pedro (SP)...
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Travel service exports as comparative advantage in South Africa
Fonte: South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences
Publicador: South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Formato: text/html
Publicado em 01/01/2011
EN
Relevância na Pesquisa
66.31%
#services trade#normalised revealed comparative advantage#Balassa index#tourism#developing countries
World service exports have grown at a rapid rate over the past few decades. While some countries have benefited from the surge in service exports, others have been left behind. This paper provides a snapshot of South Africa's comparative performance in service exports, using a new measure of revealed comparative advantage, the normalised revealed comparative advantage (NRCA). Countries are ranked according to their performance in 10 service export sectors. South Africa is found to reveal a strong comparative advantage in travel service exports (tourism). A discussion of the travel services sector follows, with historical, theoretical and empirical evidence to support the NRCA findings.
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